PCOS And Hormone Therapy: Does It Actually Work?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that affects women’s hormones. Some of its most prominent symptoms include missed or irregular periods, obesity, and abnormal hair growth. There are varied treatment options for PCOS. One such option is hormone therapy. Today, we will explain how hormone therapy can be used for PCOS, its side effects and more. 

To understand it better, the editorial team of OnlyMyHealth reached out to Dr Chetna Jain, Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Sector 14, Gurgaon. Read ahead.

Can PCOS Be Treated With Hormone Therapy?

Before we begin, let us understand what PCOS and hormone therapy are. The Cleveland Clinic describes it as a hormonal imbalance that takes place when your ovaries (the organ that produces and releases eggs) create excess hormones. In PCOS, your ovaries produce high levels of the hormone called androgens. This leads to an imbalance in your reproductive hormones, causing irregular periods, missed periods, and unpredictable ovulation. Some of the most common symptoms of PCOS include:

• Irregular periods.
• Abnormal hair growth (hirsutism).
• Acne.
• Obesity.
• Darkening of the skin.
• Cysts.
• Skin tags.
• Thinning hair.
• Infertility.

Now, let us tell you what hormone therapy is. According to Cancer Research UK, hormone therapy blocks or lowers the amount of hormones in the body to stop or slow down the growth of cancer. However, hormone therapy can also be used to treat other conditions. Hormone therapy for PCOS primarily involves hormonal contraceptives (like birth control pills) and anti-androgens.

Can hormone therapy actually treat PCOS? Explaining this, Dr Jain says, “Yes, hormone therapy is one of the most commonly used and effective ways to manage symptoms of PCOS. However, it’s important to understand that PCOS cannot be ‘cured’ permanently; its treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing its long-term health risks.”

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How Does Hormone Therapy Help In PCOS?

“In PCOS, there is an imbalance of hormones, particularly increased androgens (male hormones) and irregular ovulation. Hormone therapy helps restore this balance and improves multiple symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, and excess hair growth,” says Dr Jain. On this note, the expert gives us an insight into some of the common hormonal treatments for PCOS:

Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)

These are often the first line of treatment for women who are not trying to conceive. OCPs regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and improve symptoms like acne and facial hair. They also help protect the uterus from long-term complications caused by irregular periods.

Anti-Androgen Medications

These medicines (such as spironolactone) block the effect of male hormones on the body. They are particularly helpful for managing symptoms like excessive facial hair and hair thinning. These are usually prescribed along with OCPs for better results.

Progesterone Therapy

In women who cannot take combination pills, progesterone may be given at intervals to induce periods and prevent endometrial thickening.

Who Should Avoid Hormone Therapy?

One important question is – is hormone therapy suitable for everyone? Answering this, Dr Jain says, “Not always. The choice of treatment depends on several factors: age, symptoms, weight, medical history, and whether the woman is planning pregnancy. Hormonal therapy is typically not used when someone is actively trying to conceive, as it prevents ovulation.” On this note, let us take a look at the side effects of hormone therapy in women, as stated by Cancer Research UK.

• Tiredness
• Vaginal bleeding
• Hot flushes
• Menopausal symptoms
• Hair thinning
• Muscle and bone changes
• Digestive system problems
• Weight gain
• Headaches
• Memory problems
• Mood changes and depression
• Blood clots

Other Treatment Options For PCOS

PCOS involves a range of symptoms, and so many treatment options are also available for this condition. The National Health Service lists them in their report:

Lifestyle changes

Symptoms and overall risk of developing long-term health problems from PCOS in women who are overweight can be significantly improved by weight loss. The report stated that a 5% weight loss can be beneficial in PCOS.

Medicines

Different medicines are available to treat varied symptoms related to PCOS.

Surgery

Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD) is another treatment option for women with PCOS who do not respond to medicine. It is a minor surgical procedure for women dealing with fertility problems linked to PCOS.  

Is Hormone Therapy Effective For Long-term PCOS Management?

Another common question that people often ask is whether hormone therapy is a long-term option to treat PCOS. Explaining this, Dr Jain says, “Hormone therapy works best when combined with lifestyle changes. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, weight management, and stress control can significantly improve insulin resistance and hormonal balance.”

The expert adds, “Hormone therapy is an effective and widely used tool in managing PCOS symptoms, but it is part of a broader, long-term management plan. A personalised approach under medical guidance ensures the best outcomes.”

When To Consult A Doctor 

Polycystic ovary syndrome should not be left untreated. You must contact a doctor if you suspect you have PCOS. Thereafter, they can seek different treatment options. Some of the signs that indicate you may have PCOS include:

• Irregular periods.
• Excess hair growth, acne, or other symptoms that indicate an excess of androgen hormones.
• Difficulty conceiving.

ALSO READ - Why do PCOS and Endometriosis Diagnoses Take Years in India? Expert Answers

Conclusion

Hormone therapy is one of the most common and effective treatment options for PCOS. However, PCOS cannot be ‘cured’ permanently. Its treatment emphasises managing symptoms and reducing the long-term health risks posed by the condition. Moreover, hormone therapy is part of a broader and long-term management plan for PCOS. The therapy works best when combined with lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, weight management, and stress control, among others.