The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that help regulate your body's metabolic rate, growth, and development. It also supports your heart, muscles, and digestive system, while also promoting brain development and bone maintenance. However, many factors can hinder the healthy functioning of the thyroid gland, leading to both an overactive (hyperthyroidism) and an underactive (hypothyroidism) thyroid disorder and causing a number of symptoms.
In this article, we discuss the common causes of thyroid disorders and why some people experience rare symptoms like facial swelling.
Also Read: Thyroid: Expert Explains Why Women Are More Prone To It
What Causes Thyroid Disorder?
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Narendra BS, Lead Consultant – Endocrinology and Diabetology, Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, says, "Thyroid problems can be caused by different factors, such as genetics, autoimmune diseases, and iodine deficiency."
In some cases, thyroid problems can develop due to inflammation of the thyroid gland or nodules that form on the gland or due to certain medications or treatments, like radiation therapy, the doctor adds.
It is important to note that some people may also be at a higher risk of thyroid problems than others.
This includes people who have a family history of thyroid disorders or autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's disease or Graves' disease, according to Dr Narendra.
Additionally, women, especially those over 60, are also more likely to develop thyroid problems than men. This could be attributed to the interaction between thyroid hormones and the hormones that fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, says Dr Rakesh Kumar Prasad, Consultant – Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Noida.
Moreover, pregnant women may be susceptible to hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto’s disease, which, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), occurs in 2-3 out of every 100 pregnant women.
Can Thyroid Issues Lead To Facial Swelling?
Dr Narendra says that sometimes a person with thyroid problems can experience facial swelling. However, he emphasises that not everyone who has this condition will end up having a swollen face.
The most common culprit is an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), says the doctor.
When your thyroid is underactive, it doesn't produce enough hormones to regulate various bodily functions, leading to a buildup of certain substances in the skin, including extra fluid. This is also called water retention or oedema, which can lead to puffiness, particularly around the eyes, lips, and cheeks.
To manage face swelling caused by thyroid issues, Dr Narendra advises eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.
He adds that drinking plenty of water and avoiding salty foods and alcohol can also help.
You can also try sleeping with your head slightly elevated and applying a cool cloth to your face.
Most importantly, if you have a thyroid disorder and if the swelling persists, it is best to consult a doctor, who may prescribe medication to help balance your hormones.
“It's also important to see your doctor regularly for check-ups and to talk to them if the swelling doesn't go away. They might adjust your medication or suggest seeing a specialist to help,” Dr Narendra highlights.
Also Read: Managing Thyroid Health With Diet: Expert Explains How Diet Can Help Optimise Your Thyroid Health
Other Symptoms Of Thyroid Problems
The symptoms of thyroid disease can depend on the type of disorder you have.
If you have hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid, symptoms may include:
- Slower heart rate
- Fatigue and tiredness
- Unexplained weight gain
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Dry skin and coarse hair
- Mood swings and depression
- Heavy menstrual periods
If you have hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, symptoms may include:
- Faster heart rate
- Sleep issues
- Unexplained weight loss
- Increased sensitivity to heat
- Clammy or sweaty skin
- Feeling anxious, irritable, or nervous
- Irregular menstrual cycles or a lack of periods
Lifestyle Changes That Can Help Manage Thyroid Disorder
Managing thyroid conditions often involves lifestyle changes that can help improve symptoms and overall well-being. Sharing tips to manage thyroid disorders, Dr Narendra lists:
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Avoiding foods high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and processed foods
- Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga
- Getting enough sleep
- Managing stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
- Avoiding smoking
- Limiting alcohol intake
The expert further recommends consulting a healthcare provider before making significant lifestyle changes and following their recommendations for managing the condition effectively.
Conclusion
Thyroid diseases can lead to various symptoms in the body, including fatigue, unexplained weight loss or gain, sensitivity to heat or cold, and more. Facial swelling is a rare symptom that could indicate both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. However, in most cases, it occurs due to hypothyroidism, which is when the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. Lifestyle changes and certain medications may help manage thyroid conditions and their symptoms.