The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in managing several functions in the body. The butterfly-shaped organ, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate and body temperature and also manage its growth and development. However, when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, it can lead to a condition called hypothyroidism, also referred to as an underactive thyroid.
While more common in women, men can develop the condition too. In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Chhavi Agrawal, Associate Consultant, Endocrinology, Fortis Escorts, Okhla Road, New Delhi, listed some of the most common symptoms seen in men and shared ways to manage them.
Also Read: Thyroid: Expert Explains Why Women Are More Prone To It
What Is Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating mood, breathing, and even how your heart beats. It is also essential for normal brain functions, including learning and memory. Therefore, when your thyroid gland is underactive, many of your body’s functions take a back seat.
Women, people older than 60, and those who have had a previous history of thyroid problems or have a family history of thyroid disease are more at risk of developing hypothyroidism, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
‘Less Frequent, But Hypothyroidism Can Affect Men Too’
Women face a significantly higher risk of hypothyroidism than men. One of the reasons is their strongly active immune system, which makes them more prone to autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a common cause of hypothyroidism. A study published in Evolutionary Applications even suggests that women have a four-fold higher risk of autoimmune disease compared to men.
Additionally, hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can disrupt thyroid function in women, further increasing their risk of hypothyroidism.
The NIDDK warns that two to three out of every 100 pregnant women face thyroid issues. Often the culprit is Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own thyroid gland.
But while the prevalence is higher in women, men are not immune to thyroid dysfunction, said Dr Agrawal. This is because men too are susceptible to autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto's disease, certain medications, and iodine deficiency, which is also a common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide, according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA).
Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism in men include:
- Lethargy
- Depression
- Sensitivity to cold
- A decrease in libido or sex drive
- Dry skin
- Weight gain
- Puffy face
- Muscle weakness
- Hair thinning
- Depression
- Memory problems
How To Manage Hypothyroidism In Men?
To manage hypothyroidism, diet and lifestyle changes play a vital role, according to Dr Agrawal. Some of the habits to adopt include:
- Incorporating iodine-rich foods like seaweed and seafood
- Eating a balanced diet with adequate levels of selenium and zinc
- Regular exercise
- Healthy weight management
- Indulging in stress management techniques, such as yoga or meditation
Conclusion
While women may be more prone to hypothyroidism, men shouldn’t become complacent or ignore telltale signs of the condition, including persistent fatigue, cold intolerance, muscle weakness, dry skin and hair, and mood changes. Recognising these diverse yet common clinical manifestations is crucial for prompt diagnosis, which can further help determine the right course of treatment.