Thyroid disease encompasses various medical conditions where the thyroid gland fails to produce hormones adequately, disrupting the body's normal functioning. Understanding the impact of diet on thyroid health is paramount for individuals with thyroid issues. By being mindful of the foods to avoid, people can manage their symptoms and support their overall well-being in a better way. In this article, Dr Prakash Pursnani, General Physician, Ujala Cygnus Agra group of Hospital, explained the role of dietary factors in thyroid disorders.
Projections from multiple studies indicate that approximately 42 million people in India are affected by thyroid diseases.
“The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by secreting hormones that control energy utilisation. When the thyroid gland overproduces hormones, it leads to hyperthyroidism, characterised by symptoms like rapid heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, and restlessness. Conversely, hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland underproduces hormones, resulting in fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold temperatures”, highlighted Dr Pursani.
According to a 2021 study, thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent medical conditions globally, with iodine deficiency being a significant contributing factor. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the world's population resides in iodine-deficient regions, and over 190 million people suffer from iodine deficiency disorders.
Also Read: Ketogenic Diet And Hormonal Balance: Expert Lists Its Impact On Thyroid And Adrenal Function
Impact and Significance of Diet on Both Types of Thyroid
Diet plays a crucial role in managing symptoms for individuals with both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. According to the British Thyroid Foundation, no specific foods or dietary supplements can treat thyroid disorders. It's essential to consume a variety of foods in the right proportions. A balanced diet is the best way to ensure your body receives all the necessary nutrients.
Diet Considerations for Hypothyroidism
According to research by Cureus, it was found that dietary and lifestyle changes alongside medication can frequently alleviate specific symptoms and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals with hypothyroidism.
“For those with hypothyroidism, certain foods should be avoided. Soy products contain phytoestrogens that can interfere with thyroid hormone function, exacerbating hypothyroidism. Similarly, cruciferous vegetables like cabbage and broccoli can hinder iodine absorption, impacting thyroid function negatively”, said Dr Pursnani.
High-fat foods can also impede thyroid hormone absorption and production, worsening hypothyroidism symptoms. Also, excessive fibre intake may pose challenges in hypothyroidism treatment, while sugary foods can slow down metabolism, leading to weight gain, which exacerbates hypothyroidism.
Also Read: Weight Gain In Hypothyroidism: Expert Lists Ways To Prevent Weight Gain
Diet Considerations for Hyperthyroidism
On the other hand, individuals with hyperthyroidism should be cautious of certain dietary choices. Foods rich in iodine, such as seaweed and iodised salt, can increase thyroid gland activity, worsening hyperthyroidism symptoms. “Stimulants like caffeine found in coffee can aggravate symptoms like palpitations, while alcohol consumption may deplete energy and worsen sleep issues associated with hyperthyroidism”, highlighted Dr Pursnani.
Moreover, full-fat milk intake should be limited, with skim or organic milk being preferable. Added sugars, including cane sugar and high fructose corn syrup, can contribute empty calories and cause blood sugar spikes, offering little nutritional value and potentially exacerbating symptoms.
Bottomline
Dr Pursnani concluded, “Understanding the impact of diet on thyroid health is paramount for individuals with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism alike. These dietary considerations are essential for managing symptoms and supporting overall thyroid health. By being mindful of the foods to avoid, you can better manage their symptoms and support their overall well-being.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you are dealing with any health issues to get the necessary treatment.]