Acid reflux is a common digestive problem that occurs when stomach acids move up into the oesophagus, leading to symptoms like heartburn or regurgitation. This can be a very uncomfortable experience that often requires antacids for management.
Dr Mangesh Borkar, Consultant - Medical Gastroenterologist, Manipal Hospital, Kharadi, Pune, describes antacids as medicines that neutralise stomach acid to ease symptoms such as bloating, indigestion, and heartburn. However, long-term use of antacids can cause side effects. Some even claim that it can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Borkar shares whether there is some truth to it.
Also Read: If You're Suffering From Acidity, Here's The Right Way To Take Antacids As Per An Expert
Role Of Antacids
As discussed, antacids help manage heartburn and acidity symptoms.
According to Dr Borkar, they function by raising the stomach's pH equilibrium, which lessens irritation of the esophageal and stomach lining.
They contain components like calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminium hydroxide, which take effect rapidly, relieving discomfort immediately.
However, antacids are particularly effective for treating mild-to-moderate cases of acid-related issues. Therefore, their effectiveness may vary depending on the severity and frequency of symptoms, notes the doctor.
It is important to note that while antacids offer immediate relief, they do not address the underlying causes of acid production, making them less effective for chronic or severe conditions like Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
Side Effects Of Taking Antacids For A Long Time
Continuous use of antacids can have a negative impact on health, says Dr Borkar.
He mentions, "Magnesium-based antacids can result in diarrhoea, and aluminium hydroxide can cause constipation and phosphate loss. Additionally, one of the primary concerns is the possible disturbance of electrolyte balance." Electrolyte imbalance occurs when you have too much or too little of certain minerals in your body.
The doctor adds, "Extended usage can also result in changed stomach acid levels, which may impact the absorption of nutrients like calcium and raise the risk of injuries and possible problems with bone density. Also, because prolonged antacid use affects the pH of the urine, there may be a chance of kidney stones."
Can Long-Term Antacid Use Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
The short answer is yes, says Dr Borkar, adding that long-term use of antacids, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor blockers, can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
He explains, "The formation of stomach acid, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 from food, is lowered by these medications. For vitamin B12 to link with intrinsic factors and be absorbed in the small intestine, stomach acid helps free vitamin B12 from dietary proteins. This process is hampered in the absence of adequate stomach acid, which causes the body's stores of vitamin B12 to gradually run out."
To address this, vitamin B12 levels should be routinely checked in patients receiving long-term antacid treatment, according to the doctor.
Depending on the severity of the deficiency, Dr Borkar recommends supplementing through oral supplements or intramuscular injections. You can also change your diet to include more vitamin B12-rich foods such as dairy, meat, fish, and fortified cereals.
Natural Alternatives To Antacids
If your acid reflux is mild, then speak with your doctor to learn more about natural remedies that can help control acid symptoms and lessen the need for antacids.
Some of the alternatives include:
- Limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption
- Avoid trigger foods like spicy, fatty, and acidic foods, and so on.
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals
- Avoiding eating after midnight
- Including fermented foods like kefir and yoghurt in your diet
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Raising the head of the bed
- Engaging in stress-relieving activities like yoga and meditation
Conclusion
Antacids are the go-to medications to relieve indigestion and heartburn. However, long-term use can lead to problems and complications. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common consequence of prolonged antacid use, which can lead to more problems such as impaired nerve and muscle functions, nausea, decreased appetite, irritability, and fatigue. The key is to manage your acid reflux through natural remedies and lifestyle changes.