Vitamin B12 plays an essential role in maintaining healthy nerve cells, producing red blood cells, and synthesising DNA. However, this crucial nutrient is one that our bodies cannot produce naturally, and many people—especially those who follow vegetarian or vegan diets—are at risk of deficiency. While a lack of Vitamin B12 affects many aspects of health, some of the most visible signs can appear on the skin.
Understanding these skin-related symptoms can help you identify a deficiency early on and take steps toward better skin and overall health. To learn in detail we spoke to our expert, Dr Sanjeev Gulati, Department of Dermatology, Sharda Hospital - Noida. Here is what he shared with us.
Why Vitamin B12 is Important for Skin Health
"Vitamin B12 is vital for cell production and repair, Dr Gulati shared. In simpler terms, it plays a key role in skin renewal. It also supports healthy levels of melanin, the pigment that helps protect the skin from damage. When B12 levels are too low, the body’s ability to maintain healthy skin decreases, often leading to noticeable symptoms that can indicate underlying deficiencies.
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Skin Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
1. Pale or Jaundiced Skin
One of the most common skin symptoms of B12 deficiency is pallor, often accompanied by a slight yellow tinge. This occurs because B12 is essential for red blood cell production. "Without adequate B12, the body can’t produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to a condition known as megaloblastic anaemia. The yellowish appearance, or jaundice, results from the breakdown of these immature red blood cells, which releases a pigment called bilirubin," he added. When bilirubin builds up, it can give the skin a yellowish hue.
2. Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation, or the development of dark patches on the skin, is another symptom associated with B12 deficiency. While less common, studies have documented cases where individuals with low B12 levels experienced hyperpigmentation, particularly on the hands, knuckles, and other exposed areas. This discoloration is thought to be linked to melanin changes associated with B12 deficiency, and the dark patches usually fade when B12 levels are restored.
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3. Vitiligo-like Spots
In some cases, a B12 deficiency can lead to the appearance of vitiligo-like white spots or patches on the skin. These patches occur due to a lack of melanin production, likely because of reduced B12 levels. The result is a patchy, uneven appearance in certain areas, such as the face or hands. However, this symptom is relatively rare and more commonly seen in those with severe deficiencies.
4. Dry, Flaky Skin and Itchiness
Vitamin B12 is also essential for healthy skin hydration, and a deficiency can contribute to dry, flaky skin. In some cases, this dryness may lead to itchiness and even dermatitis. Because B12 supports cell repair, low levels can result in a slower healing process, making the skin more susceptible to irritation, inflammation, and cracking.
5. Mouth Sores and Glossitis
Although not always categorised as a ‘skin’ symptom, mouth sores and a swollen, inflamed tongue (known as glossitis) are strong indicators of B12 deficiency. Glossitis can lead to pain, redness, and swelling, often accompanied by a burning sensation. Mouth sores and a red, sore tongue are both visible symptoms of deficiency and are frequently reported by those with low B12 levels.
Who’s at Risk for Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
According to Dr Gulati, certain groups of people are at a higher risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency, including vegetarians and vegans, since B12 is primarily found in animal products like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Older adults and individuals with digestive disorders, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, are also at a higher risk, as these conditions can interfere with nutrient absorption. Even individuals who take certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (for acid reflux) or metformin (for diabetes), may be at risk, as these can reduce the stomach’s ability to absorb B12.
How to Address a B12 Deficiency
If you suspect a deficiency, it’s important to speak to a healthcare provider who can test your B12 levels and recommend the right dosage if necessary. In most cases, B12 levels can be improved with dietary changes, supplements, or injections, especially if caught early.
By staying alert to skin symptoms and knowing what to look for, you can take the first steps toward addressing a potential Vitamin B12 deficiency and maintaining healthy, vibrant skin.