People know a lot about Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Most individuals are aware that these are infections that lead to abdominal pain, frequent urination, and burning sensations while urinating. But did you know it is a bacterial infection, which is different from a viral infection and may require a specific set of treatments? While you may think you know plenty about UTIs, there’s still too much to learn. Let’s understand some of the most overlooked facts about the condition.
Also Read: 5 Types Of People Most At Risk Of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
UTIs Are Not Contagious
When we hear of infections, we can’t help but wonder if they are contagious. Given the nature of the kinds of symptoms UTI causes, many are concerned about whether it can spread from one person to another. Dr Tejal Deshmukh, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Manipal Hospital, Baner, Pune, clarifies, saying that UTIs are not contagious and cannot be caused by sharing a toilet with a person having a UTI or from toilet seats.
It is also important to note that UTI is not a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) and does not spread through sexual activity, with the exception of anal intercourse. They are most frequently caused when bacteria called E. coli move into the urinary tract.
Both Women And Men Are At Risk Of UTI
UTIs occur mostly in the lower urinary tract - the bladder and the urethra - which puts women at a greater risk of developing a UTI than men. However, both men and women, regardless of their age, can develop the infection. Overlooking and not treating UTIs in men can result in complications and may progress to a serious infection. According to Dr Deshmukh, it may even lead to acute pyelonephritis or kidney infection, which may cause high-grade fever, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain.
Holding In Urine Can Put You At Risk
People who hold in urine for long periods of time, also known as urine retention, can increase a person’s risk of UTI, says Dr N Sapna Lulla, Lead Consultant, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru. This is because when your urine does not flow out completely, it allows the bacteria living in your urinary system to multiply and infect the urinary tract.
The Link Between Diabetes And UTI
Certain medical conditions can also increase a person's risk of a UTI. This includes diabetes, says Dr Vrinda Agrawal, Consultant - Endocrinology, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.
Some of the common factors that make diabetes a risk factor for UTI are:
- Weakened immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including UTIs.
- Elevated blood sugar levels provide an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive, increasing the likelihood of infection.
- Diabetic neuropathy, which is nerve damage resulting from diabetes, can affect the nerves that control the bladder, leading to incomplete emptying of the bladder and allowing bacteria to multiply.
Older People May Experience UTI-Related Neurological Symptoms
Apart from urinary symptoms, UTIs can also cause neurological problems in certain groups of people, particularly older adults. Dr Avanish Arora, Director-Urology/Urological Cancer Department, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, says that older people are generally at a greater risk of UTIs due to factors such as weakened immune systems, hormonal changes, and age-related changes in the urinary tract.
In certain cases, if the infection spreads to the upper urinary tract, it may result in conditions like acute pyelonephritis, which can affect the kidneys and potentially lead to neurological symptoms such as confusion and altered mental status, the doctor adds.
He emphasises the timely detection and treatment of UTIs to prevent the progression of the infection to more severe complications in older adults.
Intimate Hygiene Matters
UTI is a common bacterial infection that mostly affects women. It occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract. With the help of proper hygiene, you can stop that from happening. Some of the measures include wiping from front to back after using the toilet, avoiding harsh soaps and douches, and showering regularly with warm water and a gentle cleanser. Additionally, though a UTI is not an STI, taking proper precautions during sexual activity can also help keep you safe.