Sexually transmitted infections or STI, transmitted through sexual contact, encompass a range of diseases caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses. For healthy intercourse, it becomes important for a person to understand their transmission, prevalence, curability, and the importance of combating the social stigma associated with them.
According to the journal PLOS ONE, prevalence of four treatable STIs in general populations in India ranges from 0 to 3.9 percent. However, it is expected that STI prevalence is substantially higher in high-risk subpopulations.
From STDs to STIs: The Evolution of Terminology
In the past, STIs were commonly referred to as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). However, the shift to the term "Sexually Transmitted Infections" (STIs) reflects a more accurate understanding of these conditions. Unlike diseases, many STIs may not lead to symptomatic illnesses. In fact, the most common "symptom" of an STI is the absence of any noticeable signs.
“STDs not only cause reproductive problems, but they can also prevent you from conceiving. This is not the case if an underlying STD is detected and treated at an early stage. As a result, screening for STDs has grown in relevance in order to boost fertility,” said Dr Saroja Koppala, Fertility Consultant at Nova IVF Fertility, Hyderabad.
The Silent Epidemic: Asymptomatic Infections
Much like the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, where asymptomatic carriers posed a significant risk, STIs can also be silent threats. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that over 1 million people acquire an STI daily, with the majority of cases being asymptomatic. This alarming statistic highlights the urgency of addressing STIs proactively.
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Curability and Management Of STI
While the prevalence of STIs may be concerning, it's essential to know that many are curable. STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics when detected early. However, some, like herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and hepatitis B, cannot be cured but can be managed through appropriate medical care.
The Battle Against Stigma
One significant barrier to tackling the STI epidemic is the social stigma surrounding these infections. This stigma often leads to misinformation, fear, and discrimination. It is crucial to remember that STIs can affect anyone, and contracting one does not reflect one's character or choices. Shattering the stigma is essential for open discussions and better prevention efforts.
Condoms As A Barrier Against STIs
Just as masks have been essential in the fight against COVID-19, condoms act as a vital barrier against STI transmission. Condoms are versatile tools that provide protection not only against unwanted pregnancies but also against STIs. Here's how they can be used effectively:
- Vaginal Sex: External or internal condoms can reduce the risk of STIs during vaginal intercourse.
- Anal Sex: Condoms should be used for protection during anal sex, helping to prevent the transmission of STIs.
- Oral Sex: Flavoured condoms make protection during oral sex both safe and enjoyable.
- Shared Sex Toys: Condoms can be used to cover sex toys or dildos when shared between partners, reducing the risk of STI transmission.
Understanding STIs, their prevalence, and preventative methods is essential for sustaining sexual health.
People can protect themselves and their partners by taking a proactive strategy that involves regular testing, open conversation, and the use of barrier techniques such as condoms. It is time to expose the truth about STIs and collaborate to combat stigma while promoting safer and healthier sexual practices.