Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common urological condition often characterised by symptoms like frequent urination, discomfort, and a burning sensation during urination. However, while many people experience these clear signs, UTIs don’t always come with noticeable symptoms. In fact, it’s possible for an infection to go entirely unnoticed. This raises important questions: Can a UTI really be silent, and what happens if it goes undetected? Understanding the subtleties of how UTIs present, or don’t, can be crucial for protecting your health and preventing complications. Therefore, OnlyMyHealth spoke to Dr Vishal, Consultant Urologist, Fortis Hospital, Rajaji Nagar, to get some helpful insights.
Also Read: UTIs Cause Urinary Problems, But Can They Also Cause Diarrhoea?
Common Symptoms Of UTI
UTIs are among the most common bacterial infections in women, responsible for nearly 25% of all infections. According to a study published in the Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, about 50–60% of women experience a UTI at least once in their lifetime, with younger women typically averaging 0.5 UTIs per year. Recurrences are common, with most happening within three months of the initial infection, and 80% of recurrent UTIs (RUTIs) are due to reinfection by the same bacteria.
Some of the common symptoms that indicate a UTI include:
- Burning sensation while urinating
- Frequent or urgent need to urinate
- Cloudy, dark, or bloody urine
- Strong-smelling urine
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Fever and chills
Can A Person Have UTI And Not Know?
The short answer is yes; UTI can be asymptomatic and can go unnoticed in some people.
This is also called asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is when you have bacteria in your urine but don't have any symptoms. According to StatPearls Publishing, the condition is common, especially in older adults. While it's rare in infants and toddlers, the prevalence increases with age. In healthy premenopausal women, about 5% or fewer have asymptomatic bacteriuria. However, this number rises to 15% or more in adults aged 65-80 and can reach 40-50% in long-term care residents.
“Asymptomatic UTIs are more common in certain groups, including older adults, pregnant women, people with diabetes, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those with urinary tract abnormalities,” Dr Vishal told the OnlyMyHealth team, adding that asymptomatic UTIs can increase the risk of complications.
If left untreated, UTIs can lead to severe complications, including kidney damage or failure, sepsis (life-threatening infection), recurrent infections, chronic pelvic pain, increased risk of pregnancy complications, and permanent scarring of urinary tract tissues.
Also Read: Is It Safe To Have Sex With A Urinary Tract Infection? Expert Explains Preventive Measures
Tips To Prevent UTI
To avoid UTIs, one must take necessary preventive measures, which include:
- Drinking plenty of water
- Urinating after intercourse
- Wiping correctly (front to back)
- Avoiding tight clothing
- Using gentle hygiene products
- Emptying bladder regularly
- Considering cranberry supplements or probiotics
What To Do If You Suspect A UTI?
If you suspect a UTI or fall into a higher-risk category, such as being pregnant, having a weakened immune system, diabetes, or kidney disease, having a history of recurrent UTIs, being over 65, or experiencing symptoms like vaginal discharge or pelvic pain, it’s essential to seek testing immediately, even if you aren’t experiencing UTI symptoms.
These vulnerable groups may face complications if an infection goes untreated, as certain underlying conditions can exacerbate the infection's effects. Timely testing and diagnosis allow for early intervention, which can prevent further complications and ensure a treatment plan tailored to your specific health needs. Consulting a healthcare professional will provide you with personalised guidance to manage and, if necessary, prevent future infections.