Throat cancer, including cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and tonsils, manifests through numerous symptoms that need immediate attention. It can occur in the tonsils, the base of the tongue, the epiglottis, or the walls of the pharynx. It can result in various complications, such as weight loss, persistent cough, and shortness of breath. We spoke to Dr Akshat Malik, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, who emphasised the importance of recognising the symptoms and seeking prompt medical attention for a comprehensive evaluation.
Throat cancer, categorised by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a type of head and neck cancer, exhibits similarities with both oropharyngeal cancer and mouth cancer. This condition can impact individuals across various age groups, including adults and children.
According to Yale Medicine, the primary target of throat cancer is typically the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells lining the surface of the affected organs. The majority of individuals diagnosed with throat cancer are those who use tobacco and/or consume alcohol regularly.
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Symptoms of Throat Cancer
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience throat cancer symptoms that persist for more than 2-3 weeks or worsen over time, as they may be indicative of various conditions. Dr Malik sheds light on the initial signs of throat cancer, including:
- Persistent Hoarseness or Change in Voice: An enduring alteration in the tone or quality of one's voice
- Sore Throat: A lingering or persistent throat discomfort that fails to improve with standard treatments
- Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Challenges in swallowing, particularly noticeable as the tumour affects the normal function of the throat
- Persistent Cough: A long-lasting cough unrelated to other respiratory ailments
- Aspiration: Coughing upon swallowing, potentially caused by the entry of food material into the windpipe
- Ear Pain: Unexplained discomfort in one or both ears, often associated with throat issues
- Weight Loss: Unexplained reduction in body weight resulting from swallowing difficulties and changes in eating habits
- Lump or Mass in the Neck: The presence of abnormal growth or swelling, frequently caused by enlarged lymph nodes, indicating possible cancer spread
- Breathing Difficulties: In later stages, throat cancer can lead to challenges in breathing
- Persistent Bad Breath: Lingering unpleasant breath odour that persists despite oral hygiene efforts
Dr Malik highlighted, “Prioritising your health, emphasising awareness, timely consultation, and appropriate treatment play pivotal roles in combating throat cancer effectively.”
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The prognosis for throat cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. The prognosis for cancer improves with earlier diagnosis and treatment. According to the NCI, smoking and alcohol consumption together represent the largest risk factor for these malignancies. Hence, it becomes important to refrain from indulging in such activities to promote your overall health.
Bottomline
Dr Malik concluded, “While these symptoms may also arise from less serious conditions, however, there is a need for immediate medical attention if they persist. Timely identification and intervention play a crucial role in enhancing the prognosis of throat cancer. Routine examinations, particularly for individuals at risk due to factors like smoking, chewing tobacco, or alcohol consumption, are imperative for maintaining overall health and monitoring any potential concerns.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by a registered expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you notice any signs to rule out the health condition.]