How many people will consult a doctor when they suffer from constipation or experience frequent cramps or stomach pain? The answer is often very few. However, these seemingly common symptoms could be early warning signs of something more serious, like cancer. One such cancer is Colorectal Cancer (CRC), which often starts with subtle or no symptoms at all. By the time the patient notices the symptoms, the cancer may have reached an advanced stage.
CRC is the third most common cancer and accounts for the second-highest number of deaths due to cancer globally. We spoke to Dr Julio Garcia-Aguilar, MD, PhD, Colorectal Surgeon, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States, who listed the symptoms of colorectal cancer and ways to detect it early.
“In India, the survival rates of these patients are lower than those seen in Western countries. Furthermore, patients in India are nearly a decade younger compared to the West. Hence, it is vital to recognise the symptoms and take preventive measures to reduce the burden,” explained Dr Aguilar.
According to a 2025 study, colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in India, with 40,430 cases reported in males and 24,433 cases in females in 2022.
Also Read: Colon Cancer Is Preventable: Here’s Why You Need A Colonoscopy
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
CRC is a collective term for cancers of the colon and the rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. The first five feet of the large intestine is the colon, responsible for absorbing water from the stool. The last six inches is the rectum where the stool is stored until excreted.
“CRC generally begins as an abnormal growth (polyp) on the inner lining of the organ and slowly develops over several years. Sometimes, these polyps can grow into cancer. CRC is usually limited to the organ, but can spread to the lungs and liver if left untreated,” said Dr Aguilar.
The symptoms of CRC include a change in bathroom habits (constipation, diarrhoea, or narrow stools that persist for several days), a constant urge to defecate, persistent cramps or abdominal pain, weakness or fatigue, losing weight without trying, and anaemia.
Also Read: Colorectal Cancer Is The Third Most Common Cancer Worldwide: Expert Shares Tips To Reduce Its Risk
Preventive Measures for Colorectal Cancer
Here are some of the ways you can reduce the risk of CRC, as listed by the expert:
- Consume a healthy diet: CRC has been linked to the consumption of red meat and processed meat. Instead, consuming fish, lean meats, and cold meats can reduce the risk. Similarly, increasing consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy and fermented dairy products can also help. Furthermore, it is important to reduce the intake of calorie-dense processed foods that lack fibre.
- Exercise every day: Physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of CRC as well as its recurrence. Exercising regularly decreases the risk of polyp development. Those who exercised for more than an hour a week had a lower prevalence of polyps.
- Avoiding tobacco and alcohol consumption: Tobacco usage is associated with a greater risk of CRC. Stopping or limiting alcohol consumption can also help.
- Maintain healthy weight: Compared to those at ideal weight, people suffering from obesity are at a 30% greater risk of developing CRC.
- Undergo regular screenings: Early-stage CRC is easier to treat and has a lower mortality rate versus advanced cases. Undergoing regular screenings can facilitate early detection, which can improve survival rates.
Bottomline
Dr Aguilar concluded, “CRC is a significant cause for concern. However, by being aware of the symptoms, undergoing regular screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, people can mitigate the risk and promote long-term health. In case of any suspicious symptoms, do reach out to a healthcare professional for evaluation. Awareness and proactive action today can save lives tomorrow.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]