It usually begins with an itch, some burning, and later followed up by a strange discharge. For most women, these symptoms sound a familiar bell, and is known as a yeast infection. But what if it is not, and what if it is something more concerning. Well, according to medical experts, vaginal pain is normal, but it's also frequently misdiagnosed. Even though yeast infections are among the most common offenders, they're not the only explanation for feeling wonky down there.
In an exclusive interaction with the editorial team of Onlymyhealth, our expert, Dr Bhumesh Tyagi, Consultant, General Medicine and Physician, Shardacare, Health City, Noida, explained how to know the difference between these two and when you should ditch the over-the-counter treatments and visit your doctor. Read ahead to find out.
What Is a Yeast Infection?
“A yeast infection of the vagina, or candidiasis, is a result of an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which normally occurs in the vagina in small quantities. Shifts in your body environment, such as with antibiotics, pregnancy, high estrogen levels, or a weakened immune system, may enable yeast to grow,” explained Dr Tyagi. Some common symptoms may include:
- Severe itching or burning
- Thick, white cottage cheese-like discharge
- Redness or swelling of the vulva
- Burning with urination or sex
What Else Could It Be?
However, Dr Tyagi noted that these are classic symptoms, but there are many other conditions can imitate these ones. These may include:
1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
The most prevalent vaginal illness among women of childbearing age, BV occurs when there is an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, too low a number of good bacteria (lactobacilli) and too high a number of bad ones. It’s symptoms include:
- Thin, grayish-white discharge
- Strong, fishy odor (particularly after sex)
- Mild burning or itching
Key Difference: BV discharge is more watery and has a strong odor, not the odorless discharge seen with a yeast infection.
2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Although not a vaginal infection, UTIs may produce overlapping symptoms like:
- Burning upon urination
- Frequent urination
- Cloudy or blood-tinged urine
- Pelvic pain
Key Difference: UTIs typically don't produce vaginal discharge or itching, but the urinary symptoms can be extreme.
3. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Some STIs, such as trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia, result in itching, abnormal discharge, or pain. Symptoms may include:
- Yellow-green or odorous discharge
- Painful sex
- Pelvic tenderness
- Bleeding between periods
Key Difference: Most STIs are symptom-free initially. Get tested regularly, especially if you have new or multiple sex partners.
4. Contact Dermatitis or Allergic Reactions
Additionally, it's not always an infection that can lead to a yeast infection. Abrupt soaps, scented items, or even laundry detergent can irritate sensitive skin. In a case likewise, you may notice:
- Redness
- Burning
- Swelling
- Itchiness (without abnormal discharge)
Key Difference: Symptoms tend to become better once the irritant is eliminated.
When to Visit a Physician
As tempting as it is to try to diagnose yourself, particularly with readily available OTC antifungal medications and your favourite AI tool, it's not always safe or advisable. If you have recurring symptoms, intensifying pain, or symptoms that don't get better in a few days, see a physician. You should also visit your physician if:
- It's your initial experience with these symptoms
- You're not sure if it's a yeast infection
- You have a fever or pelvic pain
- You’re pregnant or have a weakened immune system
- A quick pelvic exam and lab test can often pinpoint the cause, ensuring the right treatment.
Prevention Tips for Vaginal Health
Lastly, as we all know that prevention is better that cure, so, following these tips to keep your vaginal health in check:
- Avoid douching and scented products in the vaginal area
- Wear breathable cotton underwear
- Change out of wet clothes quickly
- Practice safe sex
- Maintain good hygiene, but keep it gentle
Your vagina cleanses itself and takes care of its own balance when it's left to its own devices. Encouraging that natural balance is usually the best protection.
Bottomline
Vaginal health is a crucial aspect of overall wellness, but it's also easily misunderstood. Every itch or discharge isn't necessarily a yeast infection. Being understand it and being tuned in to your body can help you make more intelligent moves toward relief and steer clear of misdiagnosis.