Becoming a mother is an incredible journey filled with joy, anticipation, and tender moments. It's a time when a woman's body undergoes remarkable changes to nurture and bring forth new life. However, for those with thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder, the path to motherhood may come with additional challenges.
Dr Phani Madhuri, Senior Consultant, Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Jayanagar, Bangalore, explained how to manage thalassemia during pregnancy.
What Is Thalassemia?
Dr Madhuri said that thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterised by reduced or abnormal production of haemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. It is inherited when both parents carry thalassemia gene mutations. Thalassemia can range in severity from moderate anaemia to a life-threatening illness requiring regular blood transfusions.
He added that preconception counselling allows prospective parents to fully understand the risks, explore available options, and make informed decisions regarding family planning. Genetic testing is recommended to determine the specific thalassemia mutations present in both partners.
Also Read: Diagnosed With Thalassemia At The Age Of 3 Months, Here's The Story Of Survivor Anubha
How To Manage Thalassemia During Pregnancy
Once pregnancy is confirmed, close monitoring and medical intervention become paramount. Regular visits are essential to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby. Dr Madhuri listed measures that you should follow to manage this health condition:
Blood Transfusions
Depending on the severity, women may require regular blood transfusions to maintain adequate haemoglobin levels. The medical specialist will assess the number and timing of transfusions to provide optimal oxygen delivery to the developing foetus.
Iron Chelation Therapy
An excess of iron in the body might result from frequent blood transfusions. Iron chelation therapy helps remove excess iron, reducing the risk of organ damage. However, specific chelation medications must be carefully evaluated for their safety during pregnancy.
Folic Acids
Dr Madhuri said that folic acid is crucial for healthy foetal development. Women with thalassemia may require higher doses of folic acid, as the disorder can interfere with its absorption. Prenatal vitamins containing the appropriate dosage of folic acid should be prescribed by medical professionals.
Monitoring For Complications
Thalassemia can increase the risk of certain complications during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and foetal growth restrictions. Close monitoring, including regular ultrasounds and blood tests, enables early detection and timely intervention if necessary.
Also Read: Thalassemia Types And Myths: All You Need To Know For Awareness
Genetic Counseling and Testing
Dr Madhuri said, "Thalassemia is an inherited disorder, and it is essential to consider the risk of passing the condition to future generations. Genetic counselling can provide valuable information about the probability of having a child with thalassemia and available options, such as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) or prenatal testing for early detection."
Emotional Support and Lifestyle Considerations
Living with thalassemia and managing pregnancy can be emotionally challenging. Seeking support from support groups, counselling, or therapists can provide emotional well-being and valuable insights from others who have gone through similar experiences. Also, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate rest, can contribute to a smoother pregnancy journey.
Bottomline
Thalassemia is an inherent disorder that requires careful management and planning when individuals with the condition are considering pregnancy. By working closely with healthcare professionals, staying vigilant with medical interventions, and seeking emotional support, prospective parents can navigate through pregnancy successfully.
Disclaimer
The information in this article is shared by an expert, however, we recommend you consult with your expert to manage this health condition, based on your body type and medical history.