Mosquito coils are a popular solution for repelling mosquitoes, especially in regions where mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue are prevalent. However, their use raises significant health concerns due to the chemicals they release when burned. While effective in reducing mosquito bites, it's crucial to understand the potential risks they pose to human health.
To understand the harmful effects of mosquito coils on our health, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr P Venkata Krishnan, Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram.
According to Dr Krishnan, mosquito coils often contain active ingredients such as allethrin, pyrethroids, or other synthetic insecticides. “These substances are effective in keeping mosquitoes at bay, but when the coils are burned, they emit fine and ultrafine particles. These particles include harmful chemicals like formaldehyde, benzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), all of which can adversely affect human health,” he said.
Respiratory Issues
One of the most pressing health concerns associated with mosquito coils is their impact on respiratory health. Dr Krishnan explains, "The smoke from burning mosquito coils contains particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be deeply inhaled into the lungs. Prolonged exposure to these particles can lead to respiratory issues, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma or bronchitis."
In indoor settings with poor ventilation, the concentration of these harmful particles can rise dramatically, increasing the risk of respiratory problems. Dr Krishnan noted, “The particulate matter emitted from burning a single mosquito coil is equivalent to smoking 75-137 cigarettes, which underscores the severity of the exposure.”
Carcinogenic Risks
The chemicals released during the burning of mosquito coils, including formaldehyde and benzene, are recognised as carcinogens by organisations like the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). "Even low-level, prolonged exposure to these chemicals can heighten the risk of developing cancers, particularly lung cancer," Dr Krishnan warned. Although, he said that the exact risk level varies depending on factors like exposure duration and frequency, there's substantial evidence to suggest a potential carcinogenic risk, especially in households where mosquito coils are used frequently.
Also read: Mosquito-Mukt India: Risks Of Mosquito-Borne Diseases During Pregnancy
Allergic Reactions and Skin Irritation
Beyond respiratory and carcinogenic risks, some individuals may experience allergic reactions when exposed to mosquito coil smoke. Dr Krishnan said, “Symptoms can range from headaches, dizziness, and nausea to skin rashes and eye irritation. These reactions are often triggered by the inhalation of chemical irritants or direct contact with the smoke.”
Alternatives and Mitigation
Given the potential health risks, it is advisable to use mosquito coils cautiously, particularly indoors. Ensuring proper ventilation can help mitigate the concentration of harmful particles in the air. Additionally, safer alternatives such as electric mosquito repellents, mosquito nets, or natural repellents like citronella oil can provide effective protection without the associated health risks.
While mosquito coils remain a widely used method for controlling mosquitoes, it's essential to weigh their effectiveness against the potential health hazards. Dr Krishnan emphasises, "Users must carefully consider the risks, opt for safer alternatives when possible, and always ensure adequate ventilation when using mosquito coils."
Conclusion
While mosquito coils are effective in preventing mosquito-borne diseases, the detrimental impact they have on health cannot be overlooked. With proper precautions and consideration of alternatives, it is possible to minimise these risks and protect both your health and your home from mosquitoes.
(Disclaimer: This article, verified by experts, is for informational purposes only. We advise you to consult your healthcare provider if you are dealing with any health issues.)