Pregnancy is a time of great excitement and joy. But it also increases susceptibility to various health risks, including threats from mosquitoes. They can spread serious diseases that can endanger both the mother and unborn baby. It is important for pregnant mothers to be educated about the precautions they can take to protect themselves and their babies from these risks. We spoke to our expert Dr Amudha Hari, MBBS, DGO, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Chennai, who listed the risks of mosquito-borne diseases and their preventive measures.
Risks Of Mosquito-Borne Diseases For Expecting Mothers
Zika Virus
This is one of the most well-known mosquito-borne threats to pregnant women. “This virus can cause serious birth defects including microcephaly, in which the baby's head is much smaller than expected, and other neurological abnormalities. The Zika virus is primarily spread by the Leydis mosquitoes species that are prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions,” said Dr Hari.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the risk of congenital malformations from infections during pregnancy is not fully understood. However, it is estimated that 5–15% of infants born to women infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy show signs of Zika-related complications.
Malaria
“Malaria is another serious concern for pregnant women and is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of contracting malaria and may suffer from severe anaemia which increases the risk of maternal and foetal complications including low birth weight babies, premature delivery and even stillbirth,” added Dr Hari.
Dengue Fever
This viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes can cause high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, and rash. In severe cases, dengue can lead to haemorrhagic fever and shock which can pose a great risk to both mother and baby. Pregnant women should take extra precautions to avoid mosquito bites in dewy areas.
West Nile Virus
Although less common, West Nile Virus can also be spread by mosquitoes and cause serious neurological conditions. Pregnant women with weakened immune systems are particularly at risk of complications.
Also Read: Prevention Of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: How To Reduce Mosquito Breeding During Monsoon
Precautions For Mosquito-Borne Diseases For Expecting Mothers
To minimise this risk, pregnant women should take comprehensive measures to avoid mosquito bites and exposure to mosquito habitats. Here are some preventive tips listed by Dr Hari:
- Use insect repellent: Using safe and effective insect repellent is important to avoid mosquito bites. Repellents containing DEET, picaridin, lemon oil, and eucalyptus are generally considered safe during pregnancy. Always follow product directions and consult healthcare providers if you have any concerns.
- Wearing protective clothing: Long-sleeved shirts and long pants, socks and shoes can help prevent mosquito bites. Wearing light-coloured clothing is preferable as mosquitoes are less attracted to light colours.
- Mosquito net: Sleeping under a mosquito net can greatly reduce the risk of bites, especially if you live or travel in an area where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent. Insecticide-treated nets provide additional protection.
- Environmental control: Removing standing water around the home where mosquitoes breed is an effective preventive measure. Regularly empty and clean water containers, such as bird baths, coolers, flower vases and gutters to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.
- Stay indoors during peak mosquito activity: Mosquitoes are more active during dawn and dusk. Limiting outdoor activities during these times can reduce the risk of bites.
- Precautions and precautions: Pregnant women should consult their healthcare providers before travelling to areas prone to mosquito-borne diseases. If travel is necessary, it becomes even more important to take all recommended precautions.
Bottomline
Dr Hari concluded, “Avoiding mosquito-borne illness during pregnancy is important but can be managed effectively with proper precautions. Pregnant mothers should be cautious about avoiding mosquito bites and consult a doctor immediately if they notice symptoms of a mosquito-borne illness. By taking these steps, a pregnant woman can protect her health and her unborn baby and ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy journey.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]