As temperatures rise and seasons shift, many people are experiencing more than just discomfort from the heat. Climate change is now a recognised factor in the growing number of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) conditions. Rising temperatures, longer allergy seasons, and increased air pollution are making common conditions like allergies, asthma, and sinus infections worse. Many people may not realise that these environmental changes are behind their worsening symptoms. We spoke to our expert Dr Sanjay Sachdeva, Senior ENT Consultant, HearClear India, who explained this connection can help us better manage these health issues in the future.
There is an intricate link between climate change and the deteriorating state of ENT health. The rising temperature is responsible for shifting patterns of seasons, rainfall, humidity, and rising carbon dioxide levels.
How Climate Change is Affecting ENT Health
“Prolonging the pollen production season, climate change significantly contributes to increased dispersal of allergens in the air. Pollens’ are responsible for triggering a host of respiratory problems and can worsen the already existing condition of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other complications in a person,” said Dr Sachdeva.
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Increased Air Pollution and ENT Irritation
In addition, the rising instances of air pollution accounting for concentrations of particulate matter in the air can irritate the respiratory tract and ENT systems. Prolonged exposure to pollutants increases the risk of ear infection, throat problems, and chronic rhinosinusitis in a person.
According to a 2024 study, air pollution, particularly PM2.5 particles, is linked to upper and lower airway diseases. Exposure to PM2.5 has been connected to conditions like chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and asthma.
“Likewise, the soaring temperature promotes the growth of ENT infection-causing bacteria and fungi. Bacteria causing ear infections invariably thrive in warm environments. They are responsible for the development of sinuses, otitis media (a condition where the middle ear is infected), and tonsillitis,” said Dr Sachdeva.
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Humidity and Microbial Growth
“Increased rainfall and elevated humidity levels are also some of the side effects of climate change. Inducing microbial contamination in the form of mould and microscopic arthropods (dust mites) multiplication exacerbates the respiratory conditions,” added Dr Sachdeva. This can amplify fungal attacks and initiate allergic reactions while causing inflammation in the affected person. A combination of warm and humid conditions is known to irritate the nasal and throat passage and aggravate instances of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis.
Viral Infections and the Inner Ear
The humid environment supports viral infections and facilitates their transmission among people. As a result, common colds, flu, sinusitis, throat irritation, influenza, and chronic cough are more common due to climate change.
“Climate change can also severely impact a person's hearing. Fluctuating temperatures and changing weather patterns can lead to changes in atmospheric pressure, which can affect the balance system of the inner ear. This can cause dizziness, vertigo, and other balance issues,” added Dr Sachdeva.
Warmer temperatures can also interfere with blood circulation to the inner ear, leading to imbalance and potentially triggering issues, such as tinnitus (a ringing sensation in the ear).
Bottomline
Dr Sachdeva concluded, “Therefore, factors, such as air pollution, humidity, and temperature can weaken the immune system of the person, but their impact on ENT health cannot be negated. To address the issue, it is advisable to visit the doctor whenever one is suffering from ENT problems to get the right treatment and prevent the development of any serious condition.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]