A food allergy occurs when a person's immune system reacts negatively to a certain food, triggering an adverse immune response. In children, the prevalence of food allergies is estimated to be around 4% worldwide. Some of the most common causes include eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, and tree nuts. The symptoms may vary from person to person. However, the most frequently reported signs include the following:
Also Read: 7 Food Items That May Cause Allergy In Children
Skin Rash
When someone with a food allergy comes into contact with a specific protein in food, also called an allergen, their body mistakenly identifies it as a threat, triggering the immune system to create an IgE antibody to fight the allergen.
These IgE antibodies travel throughout the bloodstream and hook onto immune system cells. If the person encounters the same allergen again, they attack the foreign entity, causing an allergic reaction.
One of the most common symptoms in children is skin rashes, characterised by raised, itchy bumps. These can appear suddenly and vary in size.
Swelling Of The Face, Lips, And Tongue
Another common symptom is swelling of the face, lips, and mouth, also called angioedema. According to StatPearls Publishing, angioedema can become life-threatening if it involves the larynx or the voice box, as it can lead to breathing difficulties.
Stomach Pain![]()
Any type of food allergy or food intolerance in children (as well as adults) can lead to stomach problems. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, cramping and diarrhoea. If your child displays such symptoms after eating a certain food, it is best to avoid it completely or serve it in tiny amounts. However, speak with the doctor before making any changes to their diet.
Itchy Or Watery Eyes
Itchy, watery eyes are a common symptom of many types of allergies, including food allergies. They occur due to histamine release, which is a chemical produced by the immune system during an allergic reaction. It causes inflammation and irritation in the eyes, leading to the characteristic symptoms.
Also Read: Allergies In Children: Expert Lists Common Triggers, Reactions, And Management Tips
Nasal Congestion
Nasal congestion and itching can also signal a food allergy. This is because food allergies can cause similar reactions in your nose as in your eyes. Histamine releases inflamed nasal passages, leading to congestion and the itchy feeling as your body tries to expel the perceived threat. Children with food allergies may experience a runny nose too.
Other Respiratory issues
Food allergies can also cause coughing and breathing issues. The histamine released during an allergic reaction can trigger inflammation in the airways, which in turn can make breathing difficult, causing coughing. Children, whose airways are smaller to begin with, are especially susceptible to this narrowing, which can lead to wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing.
Beware Of Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect several areas of the body, including breathing and blood circulation. According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, anaphylaxis can be "a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction that can impair your breathing, cause a dramatic drop in your blood pressure, and affect your heart rate." It can start within minutes of exposure to the trigger food, the health body says, advising people to seek immediate medical attention.
[Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only, hence, we advise you to consult your doctor if you or your child are dealing with any food allergies to get the necessary treatment.]