When we talk of migraine, we mostly associate it with adults. It has also been established that women are at a greater risk of developing the condition than men. But what many don't know is that children too can develop migraines and experience debilitating symptoms.
According to StatPearls Publishing, migraine is the most common primary headache in children and adolescents. In fact, up to 18% of the cases in the paediatric emergency room are said to be migraine-related. While unfortunate, it is crucial to understand why migraine headaches occur in children and what can be done to manage the condition. Dr Rahul Verma, Director - Neonatology and General Paediatrics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, sheds light on the same.
Also Read: The Complete Guide to Migraine Attacks: Expert Explains Duration, Phases, And What to Expect
What Causes Migraine Headaches In Children?
Migraine is a type of headache characterised by sudden and repeated attacks of moderate-to-severe pain on one side of the head, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Dr Verma says that migraines can not only occur in children, but they can often impact their daily lives. He adds that migraines can start as early as infancy, though they are more commonly diagnosed in children five years of age and older.
According to the doctor, the causes of migraines in children are multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Triggers may include stress, specific foods, dehydration, a lack of sleep, and hormonal changes.
A family history of migraines also increases the likelihood of a child experiencing them.
Common Symptoms Of Migraine In Kids
Some of the common symptoms of migraine in children include:
- Intense, throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Sensitivity to light and sound.
Dr Verma notes, “Unlike adults, children's migraines can be shorter, lasting just a couple of hours, but they can still be debilitating. Some children may also experience visual disturbances, known as auras, before the headache begins.”
Other Types Of Migraine That Can Affect Children
There are two other types of migraines that can affect children, according to NINDS.
Abdominal migraine: This type primarily affects young children and causes moderate to severe abdominal pain lasting for hours, along with nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may not involve a headache at all, but many children who experience this will develop migraines and headaches later in life.
Basilar-type migraine: This migraine mainly affects teenagers, especially girls, and is sometimes linked to menstrual cycles. Symptoms can be very intense and include vision problems, dizziness, balance issues, slurred speech, and temporary weakness on one side of the body. The head pain is throbbing and is usually felt in the back of the head on both sides.
Also Read: Is Migraine In Females Different? Know The Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment
How Parents Can Help Manage Their Children’s Migraine
First and foremost, it is crucial for parents to identify the symptoms of migraine in their children and consult a doctor if they suspect the condition. If the child is diagnosed with migraine, here are some simple steps parents can take:
- Keep a headache diary to identify and avoid triggers.
- Ensure a regular sleep schedule.
- Maintain proper hydration.
- Give your child a balanced diet.
During an attack, provide a quiet, dark room and administer appropriate medications, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (as directed by the doctor).
Consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive management plan, including preventive strategies and lifestyle modifications.
Conclusion
Migraine headaches can affect both adults and children. In children, while it may be more difficult to detect, diagnosis is crucial to receiving proper treatment. Parents must remain attentive to the symptoms and consult a doctor in case they suspect anything. Remember, the key to effective management is early diagnosis.