Vaginal infections are a common issue for many women. Many women experience vaginal infections at some point in their lives. Various factors, such as birth control medication, tight clothing, menstruation, and pregnancy, can contribute to the development of vaginal infections in women. Besides causing discomfort and persistent itching, if left untreated, they can negatively impact fertility, shares Dr Rashmi Agrawal, Nova IVF Fertility, Gurugram.
Types of Vaginal Infections
There are various types of vaginal infections including:
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): BV is a vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, leading to symptoms like a fishy odor, thin grayish-white discharge, and itching or burning. It occurs when the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is disrupted, often due to scented hygiene products, or having multiple sexual partners.
Yeast Infections (Candidiasis): Candidiasis, or yeast infections, are caused by the overgrowth of the fungus Candida. Dr Agrawal explains, “Candida and a beneficial bacterium called lactobacillus are both present in the vaginal area. Lactobacillus helps control the spread of Candida. However, when there is an imbalance, yeast cells can multiply, leading to an infection. Candida albicans is the most common strain of pathogenic yeast responsible for majority of yeast infections.” Common symptoms include intense itching, thick white discharge resembling cottage cheese, and vulvar redness or swelling.
Also Read: Can Yeast Infection Spread Through Sex? Expert Answers And Shares Measures To Take
Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is spread through sexual contact. Symptoms include frothy yellow-green discharge, strong odor, itching, and discomfort during urination or intercourse. Trichomoniasis is associated with more serious reproductive health concerns, such as premature birth and prompt medical attention is advised.
Vaginal Infections and Fertility
According to Dr Agrawal, “The vagina contains a natural balance of yeast cells and bacteria that maintain its health. When this balance is disrupted, yeast cells can multiply to unhealthy levels, leading to symptoms like burning, swelling, itching, or irritation. Other common signs include abnormal vaginal discharge (in terms of color, consistency, or odor), pain during urination or sexual intercourse, and redness or swelling of the vulva.”
“A single yeast infection is easily treatable and does not impact fertility. However, it may temporarily reduce sexual desire. On the other hand, recurring yeast infections can alter the viscosity of cervical mucus and the vaginal environment, including pH levels, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus. In severe cases, this can lead to infertility and increase the need for fertility treatments,” she added.
Also Read: Common Health Issues Affecting Fertility
Diagnosis and Treatment
The main concern is identifying the kind of fungal infection as early diagnosis leads to timely treatment and management, and quick recovery.
- Blood Test: A blood test must be conducted to determine the specific type of fungus causing the infection.
- Physical Exams: A physical examination may be conducted to check for visible signs of infection, such as unusual discharge, redness, or swelling. Laboratory tests, including a microscopic analysis of vaginal discharge, help in identifying the infection type.
- Additional Tests for Specific Infections: In some cases, further tests may be required for a precise diagnosis. For instance, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests can detect the DNA of specific pathogens, providing greater accuracy.
Furthermore, practicing proper hygiene, wearing breathable underwear, avoiding irritants, and maintaining a balanced diet can help lower the risk of yeast overgrowth. Additionally, including probiotics in your diet or taking supplements may promote healthy vaginal flora and decrease the likelihood of recurring yeast infections.