The poor AQI situation in the capital region is concerning. More or less, everyone is affected by air pollution which is clearly visible with the increasing cases of eye problems, throat infection, allergies and asthma attacks. However, the hazardous effects of air pollution are not limited to these noticeable issues but it can go as deep as infertility. Yes, you read that right! Air pollution can impact your fertility along with causing complications for pregnant women. We spoke to two doctors who shared their opinion on the topic and explained the link between the two.
Air Pollution And Fertility: What Is The Link
According to Dr Ramya Mishra, Senior Consultant- Fertility & IVF, Apollo Fertility, Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi, “The pervasive issue of air pollution has now surfaced as a potential menace to fertility. Multiple studies have established a disquieting connection between exposure to air pollutants, with a specific focus on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and their detrimental impact on reproductive health. These repercussions encompass a decrease in fertility rates, heightened chances of miscarriages, and a deterioration in sperm quality.”
Particulate matter, composed of minuscule solid and liquid particles, is of particular concern. It possesses the capacity to incite oxidative stress and inflammation within reproductive organs, resulting in disruptions to hormonal equilibrium and hindrances in the fertilisation process.
Conversely, nitrogen dioxide, a reddish-brown gas, holds the potential to harm sperm DNA and curtail sperm motility, consequently affecting male fertility. The severity of this issue is amplified by the fact that exposure to these pollutants during crucial stages of reproductive development can lead to enduring and adverse consequences for fertility.
Also Read: 5 Objectives for Better Female Reproductive Health
How Air Pollution Can Impact Fertility of Men and Women
Air pollution can have a significant impact on fertility, both in men and women. The mechanisms through which air pollution affects fertility are complex and not fully understood, but research has identified several ways in which it can have a negative influence. Dr M. Rajini, Senior Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CARE Vatasalya, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad has listed down the following factors:
1. Hormonal Disruption: Air pollutants, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can interfere with the normal hormonal balance in the body. These disruptions can affect the reproductive system, leading to issues like irregular menstrual cycles, decreased sperm quality, and even conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
2. Oxidative Stress: Air pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and heavy metals, can generate oxidative stress in the body. This oxidative stress can damage cells, including those in the reproductive system. In women, it can affect egg quality, while in men, it can lead to sperm damage and reduced sperm motility.
3. Inflammation: Exposure to air pollution can trigger an inflammatory response in the body. Chronic inflammation can negatively impact the reproductive system, potentially leading to conditions such as endometriosis in women and prostatitis in men.
Also Read: Pollution, Smog and Eyes: Safeguard Your Vision With These Tips
4. Altered DNA and Epigenetic Changes: Air pollution has been linked to DNA damage and epigenetic changes, which can be inherited by offspring. These changes can impact fertility and may even increase the risk of birth defects in children.
5. Reduced Sperm Quality: Studies have shown that exposure to air pollution is associated with reduced sperm quality in men. This can result in lower sperm count, decreased sperm motility, and abnormalities in sperm morphology, all of which can hinder the chances of conception.
6. Impaired Ovulation: Air pollution can disrupt the normal ovulatory process in women. This can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and reduced fertility. Additionally, air pollution may increase the risk of miscarriages.
7. Pregnancy Complications: Air pollution can increase the risk of pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight, which can affect the health of both the mother and the baby.
Summing up, it is important to note that the impact of air pollution on fertility may vary depending on the specific pollutants, the duration and intensity of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Measures to reduce exposure to air pollution, such as living in less polluted areas, using air purifiers, and avoiding outdoor activities on high-pollution days, can help mitigate some of these risks. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can also contribute to better reproductive health.