If you have travelled to hill stations and experienced digestive issues like bloating and gas, it could be attributed to the high altitude. While the link may seem blurry so far, the OnlyMyHealth team spoke to Dr Chandrakant K, Consultant-Medical Gastroenterologist, Fortis Hospital, Cunningham Road, to understand the relationship and to know who is at a greater risk. Additionally, we discuss common symptoms that may accompany it and ways to reduce the same.
High Altitudes And Bloating: Is There A Link?
High altitudes are areas that are above sea level and have lower atmospheric pressure than ground level. They can be anywhere above 4900 feet above sea level.
Various factors can lead to digestive problems, particularly bloating and gas. This includes dietary habits, digestive conditions, and certain medications. However, high altitude is another common fact that may cause these digestive symptoms.
"At high altitudes, lower air pressure and oxygen levels slow digestion, leading to bloating," Dr Chandrakant said.
He added, "Gas expansion in the gut causes discomfort, while decreased gut motility allows gas-producing bacteria to multiply. Additionally, increased cortisol levels and dehydration exacerbate digestive issues. This combination can lead to uncomfortable bloating."
This phenomenon is also called High-Altitude Flatus Expulsion (HAFE), a gastrointestinal syndrome that causes an increase in the frequency and volume of rectal gas at high altitudes, as explained in the Western Journal of Medicine (1981).
HAFE is said to be caused by the expansion of gas in the intestines due to the decreased air pressure at high altitudes. This is similar to the bends experienced by deep-sea divers, but not as serious.
Who Is More At Risk Of Altitude-Related Illness?
According to Dr Chandrakant, individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal issues (IBS, gastroparesis), pregnant women, and those with respiratory conditions (asthma, COPD) are more susceptible to altitude-induced bloating.
“People with slower gut motility, older adults, and those taking certain medications (antibiotics, sedatives) may also experience increased bloating at high elevations,” he added.
Also Read: What Are The Causes Of Bloating During Pregnancy? Ways To Treat It
Symptoms To Watch Out For
Here are some common symptoms to watch out for when you are in high-altitude areas:
- Abdominal discomfort
- Gas
- Nausea
- Constipation
Management strategies include staying hydrated, eating small, frequent meals, avoiding carbonated drinks, and incorporating probiotics. Gentle exercise, like yoga, can also reduce discomfort.
How To Reduce Bloating In High Altitude
Dr Chandrakant said, “Bloating typically lasts 2–5 days, depending on individual acclimatisation rates. As the body adapts to the higher elevation, symptoms often subside. However, some individuals may experience persistent discomfort. Descending to lower elevations or seeking medical attention may be necessary if severe symptoms persist. Acclimatisation can help alleviate bloating.”
Some of the ways to reduce bloating in high-altitude areas include:
- Avoiding carbonated beverages, legumes, cabbage, broccoli, and high-fibre foods.
- Limit or avoid alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods.
- Avoid eating large meals.
- Avoid chewing gum.
- Avoid drinking through straws, as these can contribute to swallowing air and exacerbate bloating.
Conclusion
Bloating and gas can be a common occurrence in people visiting high-altitude areas. While it may not be the case with everyone, some people with pre-existing gastrointestinal issues, pregnant women, and those with respiratory conditions can be more prone to the digestive symptoms. The key then is to monitor the symptoms, take necessary dietary measures, and avoid foods and drinks that may exacerbate the issues. Consult your doctor if you have these problems frequently.