Chinmay Sharma, a 27-year-old man from Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, tragically passed away due to health complications caused by oxygen deficiency during his solo bike trip to Ladakh. Reports indicate that Sharma’s health began to deteriorate rapidly due to the low oxygen levels in the high-altitude regions of Leh, and he sadly succumbed to his condition before his parents could arrive.
Nestled at around 3,500 metres above sea level, Leh is a beautiful but challenging destination, attracting travellers eager to explore its stunning landscapes. However, the high altitude poses significant risks to those unprepared for the thin air and low oxygen levels. Here's everything you need to know about altitude sickness and how to protect yourself when visiting high-altitude destinations like Leh.
What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when your body struggles to adapt to the lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. As you ascend to higher elevations, the barometric pressure drops, and the amount of oxygen available decreases significantly. To understand this in detail, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Roohi Pirzada, MBBS, Consultant Physician, Mumbai.
According to Dr Roohi Pirzada, "Oxygen at sea level is 22%, but as altitude increases, the barometric pressure drops, and there is 40% less oxygen to breathe." This drastic reduction in oxygen can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild headaches and dizziness to severe complications such as high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) or high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which can be life-threatening.
Also read: Blood Oxygen Levels: What Are Normal SpO2 Levels By Age?
Symptoms of Altitude Sickness
Common symptoms of altitude sickness include headaches, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, fluid can accumulate in the lungs or brain, leading to life-threatening conditions that require immediate medical attention. Recognising these symptoms early is crucial for timely intervention.
Risk Factors
Anyone can develop altitude sickness, but certain factors can increase the risk, including:
- Rapid ascent: Climbing too quickly without allowing your body time to acclimatise.
- Physical exertion: Engaging in strenuous activities soon after arriving at high altitudes.
- Underlying health conditions: Pre-existing heart, lung, or respiratory issues can exacerbate symptoms.
- Dehydration: High-altitude air is dry, and dehydration can worsen symptoms.
Dr Roohi Pirzada emphasises the importance of gradual acclimatisation when travelling to high-altitude regions. "Most people can ascend to 2,500 to 3,000 metres above sea level without difficulty, so if you arrive at Leh, take complete rest on the arrival day," she advises. "Follow safety tips like acclimatising very gradually over 2 to 3 days. There is no substitute for this—don't ascend too rapidly and let your body adjust to lower oxygen levels."
Also read: Naturally Improve The Oxygen Levels In Your Body With These Simple Hacks
Tips to Prevent Altitude Sickness
Ascend gradually: Avoid rapid ascents; give your body time to adjust. Acclimatize slowly over a few days and avoid overexertion, especially on the first day.
Stay hydrated: "Mountain air can dehydrate you quickly; drink plenty of water throughout the day to minimise altitude ailments," suggests Dr Pirzada. Avoid alcohol and caffeine as they can exacerbate dehydration.
Pack appropriately: Leh has extreme weather conditions, with scorching heat during the day and chilled temperatures at night. Dr Pirzada advises, "Take along warm jackets, hats, and sturdy footwear to manage unpredictable weather."
Carry essential medications: Pack medications for common altitude ailments, such as Diamox, and carry portable oxygen cylinders if needed. Familiarise yourself with the nearest medical facilities and emergency services.
Pay attention to symptoms: If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, do not ignore them. Descend if needed, as the only definitive treatment for severe altitude sickness is to move to a lower altitude.
Conclusion
Travelling to high-altitude destinations like Leh requires careful preparation and respect for your body's limitations. By following the expert tips shared by Dr Roohi Pirzada—acclimatising gradually, staying hydrated, and being prepared for extreme weather conditions—you can minimise the risk of altitude sickness and enjoy your adventure safely. Remember, recognizing the signs early and responding appropriately is key to preventing altitude sickness from turning your dream trip into a dangerous ordeal.