Nasal congestion, also known as a stuffy nose, can be discomforting. There are many conditions that can lead to it, requiring different forms of treatment.
In general, a congested nose occurs when the tissues that line the nose get inflamed or swollen, making it difficult to breathe smoothly and leading to symptoms such as nasal discharge or a runny nose. Sometimes, depending on the underlying cause of the nasal congestion, one may also experience headaches and dizziness. But why? We spoke to an expert to understand the same.
Also Read: Have Stuffy Nose When You Wake Up? Possible Causes And Treatments
What Causes Nasal Congestion?
Nasal congestion occurs when the nasal passages are blocked either partially or completely, says Dr Vijay Bhalla, Consultant - ENT, Fortis Hospital, Anandapur.
According to him, it can be attributed to various causes, primarily involving the irritation and subsequent swelling of the nasal mucosa, which is highly sensitive.
"Exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, perfumes, or allergens like dust can provoke an inflammatory response, leading to swelling and excessive mucus discharge, the doctor adds, listing the common causes, including:
- Nasal polyps
- Deviated nasal septum
- Sudden exposure to dry or cold air
- Consumption of spicy foods
- Hormonal changes
- Certain medications for hypertension
- Physiological conditions like pregnancy
- Viral infections, notably the common cold
Why Congestion Can Cause Dizziness Or Headache
Headache that accompanies nasal congestion is often linked to sinusitis, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology.
Dr Bhalla says, "Although dizziness is rare, headaches can occur due to the involvement of the Eustachian tube, which connects the ear to the nose and helps maintain pressure balance in the middle ear."
He adds, "Any negative pressure in the middle ear might cause dizziness."
As per the doctor, headaches are more common because nasal congestion can block the drainage openings of the sinuses located in the forehead and cheeks. This blockage causes sinus secretions to accumulate, resulting in a sensation of heaviness or a dull headache."
Other signs of sinusitis include:
- Pressure around the eyes, forehead, and nose
- Cough
- Thick mucus
- Ear fullness
- Fatigue
- Bad-tasting post-nasal drip
How to Relieve These Symptoms
To relieve nasal congestion and other related symptoms, it is important to understand the underlying cause and avoid known allergens, says Dr. Bhalla. He shares a few strategies, which include:
- Wearing masks, particularly in environments with high pollen or dust
- Steam inhalation with plain hot water to reduce congestion
- Increasing fluid intake
- Using Over-The-Counter (OTC) decongestant nasal drops and oral antihistamines
However, the doctor warns against the use of antibiotics unless prescribed by a doctor for bacterial infections characterised by a severe headache and fever.
He says, “Self-medication with antihistamines and decongestants is generally safe, but antibiotics should not be taken without medical advice.”
By understanding the causes and appropriate treatments for nasal congestion, individuals can better manage their symptoms and reduce the discomfort associated with this common condition.