What is Heart Cancer? Know Its Causes and Risks

Heart cancer is an exceptionally rare form of cancer that develops in the tissues of the heart. Unlike cancers of the lung, breast, or colon, tumours originating in the heart (known as primary cardiac tumours) are uncommon. Most growths found in the heart are actually benign, meaning they are non-cancerous. Malignant (cancerous) heart tumours, such as sarcomas, occur far less frequently but can be aggressive and difficult to treat.

How Is Heart Cancer Caused?

There are two main ways cancer can affect the heart. The first is primary heart cancer, which begins in the heart itself. The second, more common scenario is secondary or metastatic cancer, where cancer spreads to the heart from other parts of the body, such as the lungs, breast, kidneys, or skin (melanoma).

"Because the heart is constantly working and has a unique cellular structure, it is less susceptible to developing cancer compared to other organs," shares Dr Deebanshu Gupta, Cardiologist at Sarvodya Hospital, Jalandhar.

Also Read: Why Is Heart Cancer So Rare? Scientists Have Finally Found the Answer

The exact causes of primary heart cancer remain largely unknown. However, like other cancers, it involves the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

• Genetic mutations are believed to play a role, although no specific inherited pattern has been clearly identified.
• Exposure to radiation or certain environmental factors may contribute, but evidence is limited due to the rarity of the condition.

Possible Risk Factors

Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing heart cancer, although they are not well-defined.

• A weak immune system, whether due to illness or immunosuppressive treatments, may increase vulnerability.
• Previous cancer diagnoses can also raise the risk of secondary heart involvement, especially in advanced stages where cancer spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
• Age may be a factor as well, with some types of cardiac tumours more commonly diagnosed in adults.

Also Read: Second Cancer Risk: Large-Scale Data Tells Who Can Get a Second Cancer and When

Symptoms of Heart Cancer

Symptoms of heart cancer can vary depending on the tumour’s size and location. They may include shortness of breath, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, or swelling in the legs.
In some cases, symptoms mimic those of other heart conditions, which can make diagnosis challenging. Imaging tests such as echocardiograms, MRI scans, and CT scans are typically used to detect abnormalities.

Can Heart Cancer Be Prevented?

Due to its rarity, there is no standard prevention strategy for heart cancer. Maintaining overall health, managing existing medical conditions, and seeking prompt medical advice for unusual cardiac symptoms remain important. Early detection, although difficult, can improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.