Understanding what constitutes normal and abnormal vaginal discharge becomes important for a woman, as it is an important aspect of vaginal health.
“Excessive vaginal discharge is also known as leucorrhoea in medical language. It is important for women to know what is normal and what is abnormal discharge”, said Dr Usha BR, Consultant - OBGYN, Fertility & Laparoscopic Surgeon, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru.
“The most important phase is around ovulation or egg release, which typically happens in the middle of the cycle or 14 days prior to the next menstruation. It is usually watery discharge to facilitate intercourse but could be blood mixed at times, which is completely normal,” Dr Usha added.
According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, thick vaginal discharge with a strong odour, especially after sex is caused due to STI. Sores and blisters may develop.
When Discharge Is Abnormal?
According to Dr Usha, when the discharge is excessive in quantity and you are required to wear a pad or a panty liner, or if it is causing itching or if it is foul-smelling, it is considered abnormal and you need to consult your gynaecologist.
When discharge is excessive, it might indicate an underlying issue. Several factors can contribute to an increase in vaginal discharge:
Hormonal Changes
Fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle, especially during ovulation, menstruation, and pregnancy, can lead to changes in vaginal discharge.
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Infections
Bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections (candidiasis), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like trichomoniasis can cause an abnormal increase in discharge.
Poor Hygiene
Incorrect hygiene practices, such as using harsh soaps or douches, can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal flora and lead to excessive discharge.
Stress and Lifestyle Factors
High levels of stress, inadequate sleep, and an unhealthy diet can influence hormonal imbalances and contribute to excessive vaginal discharge.
Symptoms of Excessive Vaginal Discharge
Identifying when vaginal discharge becomes abnormal is crucial. While a degree of variation is normal, the following symptoms might indicate a need for medical attention:
- Increased Quantity: Requiring pads or panty liners due to the volume of discharge.
- Change in Colour or Consistency: Unusual colours (grey, green, yellow) or a thick, curd-like consistency may point to an infection.
- Itching and Irritation: Excessive itching, redness, or irritation in the vaginal area could be a sign of an underlying issue.
- Foul Odour: A strong, unpleasant odour often accompanies infections and requires medical evaluation.
- Discomfort or Pain: Pain during urination, intercourse, or general discomfort should not be ignored.
Preventive Measures and Care
Abnormal discharge could be because of bacterial, fungal infection, or wrong hygiene practices. Prevention starts with correct hygiene practices. Always use cotton undergarments that let your skin breathe. Keep the perineal area dry and do not rub or scrub it. Remember that the skin there is very gentle and so the minimum you handle it, the less it would irritate you.
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“Do not use harsh soaps on private parts. Use cold water or lukewarm water only to wash. Do not use hot water or salt water. Repeated washing of private parts also would make the skin soggy and invite fungal infection”, Dr Usha suggested.
Excessive vaginal discharge can be a source of discomfort and anxiety for women. It's essential to differentiate between normal and abnormal discharge and seek medical attention if any concerning symptoms arise. By practising proper hygiene, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely medical care, women can maintain optimal vaginal health and overall well-being. Remember, an open dialogue with a healthcare provider is crucial for addressing any concerns and ensuring a healthy reproductive system.