Thyroid cancer is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers worldwide. At the same time, anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions, affecting millions globally. While they may seem unrelated at first, recent studies suggest that there could be a link between anxiety and thyroid cancer. But how does one affect the other, and what does it mean for those who experience chronic anxiety?
Well, we got in touch with our expert, Dr Anil Thakwani, Consultant and Senior Oncologist, Shardacare, Health City - Noida, to dive a little deeper into this connection and help you understand if you're at risk. Here is what he shared with us.
How the Thyroid Affects Mental Health
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It controls metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions by producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). An imbalance in these hormones can cause a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms, including mood disturbances, depression, and anxiety.
“It can cause symptoms such as restlessness, nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate—most of which resemble anxiety. Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid disease, causes fatigue, depression, and brain fog. Unrecognised thyroid abnormalities may lead people to suffer from chronic anxiety and not identify any underlying thyroid disorder that could potentially be the cause,” Dr Thakwani explained.
Also Read: Over 90% Of Corporate Employees Under 25 Show Signs Of Anxiety: How To Balance Work And Life
How Anxiety is a Potential Risk Factor for Thyroid Cancer
While anxiety itself is not a direct cause of thyroid cancer, studies indicate that chronic stress and anxiety may be indirectly linked to the increased risk of developing the disease. Here's how:
1. Hormonal Imbalance
Anxiety and chronic stress stimulate the release of cortisol, a stress hormone that, if elevated over time, can disrupt thyroid function and immune response, potentially making the body more vulnerable to abnormal cell growth, including cancer.
2. Inflammation
Inflammation has been proven to be related to chronic anxiety. It has also been found as a major contributing factor in developing many types of cancers, even thyroid cancer. It damages cells, thereby facilitating malignant growth.
3. Delayed Diagnosis
Individuals with anxiety may be quick to brush away symptoms like a swollen neck, a change in voice, or difficulty swallowing; they may seek medical attention unless they are serious. Delayed diagnosis can see thyroid cancer progression to a worse stage before getting diagnosed.
Also Read: What Is A Silent Panic Attack? Understanding The Signs And How To Cope
Who Is Most at Risk?
While anyone can develop thyroid cancer, Dr Thakwani shared that certain factors may increase your risk. These may include:
Family History: A history of thyroid disorders or cancer in your family.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men.
Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to radiation, especially as a child.
Iodine Deficiency: Low levels of iodine may cause thyroid dysfunction.
Chronic Stress and Anxiety: Continuous mental stress that may affect the immune system and hormonal regulation.
Bottomline
While a concrete link is still underway to establish the association of anxiety with thyroid cancer, experts believe that awareness of this interconnection is an incentive for better action on the part of individuals regarding their health. If anxiety symptoms are coupled with symptoms related to the thyroid, then you should visit a doctor for a comprehensive check-up and recommendation. Early diagnosis and a balanced approach to your mental and physical health make the difference between reducing risks and general well-being.