World Autoimmune Arthritis Day is observed on May 20 every year to shed light on the challenges faced by millions of individuals who battle these chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the joints. It serves as a powerful reminder for us to come together as a global community, recognising the urgent need for action. To shed light on the same, Dr Preet Pal Thakur, Co-Founder, Glamyo Health, explained this condition, its signs, and treatment measures.
What Is Autoimmune Arthritis
Autoimmune arthritis is a group of chronic inflammatory joint disorders. These disorders develop when the immune system targets healthy tissues by mistake, resulting in joint inflammation and injury. This immune response causes inflammation, which causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and, eventually, joint degeneration. Autoimmune arthritis, if left untreated or uncontrolled, can cause joint deformities, loss of mobility, and functional restrictions over time.
Symptoms Of Autoimmune Arthritis
Dr Thakur said, "While each variety is distinct, there are certain common signs and symptoms to be aware of." Here are some of them:
Joint pain and stiffness
Autoimmune arthritis is distinguished by persistent joint pain, tenderness, and swelling. The stiffness is frequently worse first thing in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Joint swelling
Inflammation may cause noticeable swelling around the damaged joints. This swelling may cause reduced movement and difficulties completing regular activities.
Fatigue
Many people who have autoimmune arthritis suffer from chronic fatigue and lack energy.
Morning stiffness
Joint stiffness upon waking up, which typically lasts for more than an hour, is another symptom of this condition.
Reduced range of motion
As the disease progresses, joint damage can lead to a limited range of motion and difficulty performing simple tasks.
Types Of Autoimmune Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Dr Thakur said that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the joints. It is usually characterised by symmetric joint involvement, which means that if one joint is damaged, the equivalent joint on the opposite side of the body is equally affected.
Also Read: 5 Advantages Of Early Diagnosis And Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
Psoriatic arthritis develops in people who have psoriasis, a persistent skin illness marked by red, scaly areas. It can cause pain, oedema, and stiffness in the joints.
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
Ankylosing spondylitis is a kind of arthritis affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. It causes inflammation in the spine's joints, resulting in discomfort, stiffness, and decreased movement.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a range of persistent arthritic disorders that affect children under the age of 16. There are various subtypes of JIA, each with its own set of symptoms and patterns of joint involvement.
Also Read: Expert Explains Causes & Treatment Of Osteoarthritis
How To Manage Autoimmune Arthritis
When prescribing a treatment plan for autoimmune arthritis, doctors will examine a person's symptoms, the type of arthritis they have, and their overall health.
Physical therapy
Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing autoimmune arthritis by improving joint mobility, strengthening muscles, and reducing pain. A physical therapist can create an exercise programme that is specific to a person's needs.
Lifestyle modifications
Making certain lifestyle changes can help individuals manage their symptoms effectively. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, practising regular low-impact exercises, protecting joints from excessive stress, and applying heat or cold therapy for pain relief.
Surgery
In severe cases where joint damage is extensive and other treatments have been ineffective, surgery may be necessary. Joint replacement surgery, such as total hip or knee replacement, can relieve pain and restore mobility.