Gout is a kind of inflammatory arthritis characterised by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, resulting in sudden and intense pain, redness, and swelling. While well-known causes of gout include a purine-rich diet, obesity, and genetics, there are some less prevalent and often surprising variables that can also cause this painful condition.
“Purines are required for normal physiological function and are a vital component of DNA, which is broken down to produce uric acid. Resulting in the accumulation of uric acids in joints, producing discomfort and inflammation of the affected area. However, failure to handle the condition early on can result in kidney malfunction. The body's regular process includes the synthesis of purines, which are then broken down into uric acid, a byproduct of the kidney's filtration process that is removed in the form of urine. Gout occurs when uric acid is not removed and accumulates in the body,” said Dr Mukesh Sharda Founder - Dr Sharda Ayurveda. Here are seven unusual factors that can cause gout:
1. Lead Exposure
Exposure to lead can increase the risk of gout. Historically, lead poisoning has been associated with gout, a condition sometimes referred to as "saturnine gout." Lead can interfere with the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid, leading to its accumulation in the blood and the formation of urate crystals.
Also read: Why Should People With Gout Avoid Certain Fish Types?
2. Dehydration
While dehydration is a more generally known risk factor for many conditions, it is not often specifically highlighted as a cause of gout. Dehydration reduces the kidneys' ability to eliminate uric acid, resulting in higher blood levels of uric acid, which can precipitate gout attacks.
3. Surgery and Trauma
Undergoing surgery or experiencing trauma can trigger gout attacks. The stress response to surgery or trauma can lead to changes in body metabolism, dehydration, and reduced kidney function, all of which can increase uric acid levels and precipitate gout flares.
4. Rapid Weight Loss
While gradual weight loss is generally beneficial for managing gout, rapid weight loss can have the opposite effect. Rapid weight loss, especially from crash dieting or severe caloric restriction, can lead to increased breakdown of body tissues, raising uric acid levels and triggering gout attacks.
5. Certain Medications
Some medications can increase uric acid levels, contributing to gout. These include:
- Diuretics: Often used to treat hypertension and heart failure, diuretics can reduce the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid.
- Beta-blockers: Commonly prescribed for cardiovascular conditions, beta-blockers can also affect uric acid levels.
- Low-dose aspirin: Regular use of low-dose aspirin can interfere with uric acid excretion.
- Immunosuppressive drugs: Medications used in organ transplant patients, like cyclosporine, can increase the risk of gout.
6. Sleep Apnoea
Sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of gout. The intermittent breathing cessation in sleep apnea leads to lower oxygen levels in the blood, causing cellular breakdown and increased production of uric acid. Additionally, sleep apnea is often associated with other gout risk factors such as obesity and hypertension.
7. Fructose Consumption
While sugar consumption in general is known to be unhealthy, fructose in particular can be a surprising trigger for gout. Fructose, found in sugary beverages and processed foods, can increase uric acid production when metabolised by the liver. Unlike glucose, fructose metabolism leads to an increased production of purines, which can then be converted to uric acid, raising the risk of gout attacks.
Managing Uncommon Gout Triggers
Understanding these uncommon triggers can help individuals at risk for gout take preventive measures. Here are some strategies to manage these less common risk factors:
- Monitor Environmental Exposures: Avoid exposure to lead and other environmental toxins that can impact kidney function.
- Stay Hydrated: Maintain adequate hydration to support kidney function and uric acid excretion.
- Prepare for Surgery: Discuss your gout history with your doctor before surgery. They may take steps to manage uric acid levels and reduce the risk of a postoperative gout attack.
- Approach Weight Loss Gradually: Aim for gradual weight loss rather than rapid reductions to avoid spikes in uric acid levels.
- Review Medications: If you are on medications known to affect uric acid levels, talk to your healthcare provider about alternatives or additional treatments to manage gout risk.
- Address Sleep Apnea: If you have symptoms of sleep apnea, seek medical evaluation and treatment, which may also help manage gout risk.
Reduce consumption of high-fructose corn syrup and sugary beverages. Opt for natural sources of sugars, like fruits, in moderation.
By recognising and managing these uncommon triggers, individuals can better control their gout and reduce the frequency and severity of gout attacks. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalised advice and treatment plans tailored to your specific health needs.