The digestive system is divided into two main parts: the alimentary tract and accessory organs. The alimentary tract is a tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, while the accessory organs include the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. To diagnose issues within the digestive system, various tests can target specific organs; for instance, a colonoscopy is used to examine the large intestine. This procedure enables doctors to inspect the interior of the colon, rectum, and anus for any abnormalities or concerns.
When it comes to colonoscopy, one of the most basic questions people have is: is colonoscopy painful? To answer that and to find out all about the ways to alleviate any form of discomfort during the procedure, OnlyMyHealth spoke to Dr Mangesh Keshavrao Borkar, Consultant - Medical Gastroenterologist, Manipal Hospital, Kharadi, Pune, who also shared when you need a colonoscopy.
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When Do You Require A Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is commonly used for diagnosing symptoms such as chronic stomach pain, unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or blood in the stool. It examines the inside of the colon, rectum, and anus using a flexible tube called a colonoscope that is inserted through anus and into the colon.
It is also an important colorectal cancer screening technique and might be recommended for people over the age of 45 or with a family history of polyps or cancer, highlighted Dr Borkar Sedation.
Research published in the StatPearls Publishing suggests that people at high risk for colorectal cancer include those with a history of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a family history of early-onset colon cancer, genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, and those who have previously had colon cancer.
Individuals with a first-degree relative with colon cancer should consider starting colonoscopies at age 40 or 10 years before their relative's diagnosis, whichever is earlier. Other reasons for elective colonoscopy include unexplained bleeding, changes in bowel habits, anaemia, weight loss, persistent pain, suspected inflammation, and abnormal imaging findings.
Is Colonoscopy Painful?
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According to Dr Borkar, colonoscopy is usually not uncomfortable, especially when the procedure involves sedation, which helps patients relax.
During the test, patients may feel some pressure or cramps, but the discomfort is usually minimal. Mild bloating may occur following the surgery, however, this usually resolves within a few hours.
How To Prepare For A Colonoscopy
Dr Borkar said, “Preparing for a colonoscopy requires considerable planning to ensure that the digestive tract is completely clear. A few days ahead, it's a good idea to switch to a low-fibre diet, which helps eliminate residual matter in the colon. On the day before, clear drinks and recommended laxatives are essential for final cleansing.”
He also recommended staying hydrated during the preparation time, as it can make the process easier on the body and reduce the effects of laxatives. Planning a helpful peaceful day before the treatment is particularly beneficial, as the effects of the preparation may necessitate staying close to home.
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How Does Anxiety Impact Colonoscopy Procedure? And What To Do About It
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Anxiety associated with colonoscopy is fairly common, with more than 50% of patients reporting having moderate-to-severe anxiety, according to a study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
“Before a colonoscopy, anxiety is common and might increase discomfort or complicate preparation,” said Dr Borkar, adding that excessive stress can even impair digestion, making the preparation of the bowels more uncomfortable.
He noted that tension can be reduced by using relaxation methods like meditation, deep breathing exercises, or soothing music. Many people find solace in the knowledge that the medical staff is there to provide a safe, comparatively painless experience, and asking questions in advance can also help to allay worries. Along with calming anxiety, sedation during the process makes the colonoscopy experience less stressful and more seamless.
Tips To Reduce Discomfort During And After Colonoscopy
In addition to sedation, which helps ease discomfort during colonoscopy, walking and light exercise after the surgery can help release trapped air and reduce any bloating or cramps. When permitted, eating a small meal and drinking plenty of water might also aid in the body's recovery. Taking things easy for the remainder of the day promotes a speedy return to normalcy, and applying a heating pad to the abdomen may ease any residual cramps, advised Dr Borkar, concluding that the secret to a painless, easy recovery is keeping to the doctor's post-procedure instructions.