Major surgery can be a life-changing event, impacting not just your physical health but also your daily routine, emotional well-being, and sense of independence. While the surgery itself addresses the underlying medical issue, a smooth and successful recovery depends on post-operative care. This comprehensive approach, encompassing pain management, wound care, rehabilitation, and emotional support, helps you regain strength, minimise complications, and ultimately, return to a healthy and fulfilling life. This care begins immediately after the surgery and extends through your hospital stay and beyond, into your recovery at home. To help you understand more about post-op care, we utilised the expertise of Dr Yatin Mehta, Chairman, Critical Care, Medanta, Gurugram who has shared his insights on postoperative care benefits and tips.
The Phases of Postoperative Care
There are three phases of post-op care-
Immediate Postoperative Period: This initial phase occurs in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) where you'll be monitored for vital signs, pain management, and early detection of complications.
Hospitalisation: This period focuses on pain control, wound care, regaining mobility, and preventing complications like blood clots and infections.
Convalescence: This transition phase starts upon discharge and continues until full recovery. It involves following your doctor's instructions at home and attending follow-up appointments.
Also Read: Pre & Post-Op Care: Essential Precautions for Knee Surgery
Key Aspects of Post-Operative Care
Dr Mehta has listed down the following important areas of post-op care:
Pain Management: Effective pain management is crucial for a comfortable recovery. Your doctor will prescribe medications based on the type of surgery and your pain level. Don't hesitate to communicate your pain experience so adjustments can be made.
Wound Care: Proper wound care minimises the risk of infection and promotes healing. The healthcare team will clean and dress your wound initially, and you'll receive instructions for maintaining it at home. This may involve keeping it clean and dry, changing dressings as instructed, and avoiding strenuous activity that could strain the incision.
Also Read: Side Effects After Cancer Surgery: Common Issues and Their Management
Preventing Complications: Several potential complications can arise after surgery, including:
- Blood clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT): These can form in the legs and travel to the lungs, posing a serious risk. Preventive measures may include compression stockings, blood thinners, and early mobilisation exercises.
- Pneumonia: Weakened respiratory function after surgery increases the risk of pneumonia. Techniques like deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometry (using a device to encourage deep breaths) can help prevent it.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Catheters used during surgery can introduce bacteria. Proper catheter care and early removal, when possible, can minimise the risk of UTIs.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: Regaining strength and mobility are crucial for recovery, especially after surgeries involving bones, muscles, or joints. A physical therapist will guide you through exercises to improve flexibility, range of motion, and overall strength.
Diet and Nutrition: Proper nutrition is essential for healing. Your doctor may recommend a specific diet or supplements to support the healing process.
Emotional Wellbeing: Major surgery can be emotionally taxing. Patients may experience anxiety, depression, or difficulty sleeping. Communicate openly with your doctor if these feelings persist and consider seeking support groups or counselling.
How To Prepare for Post-Operative Care at Home
Dr Mehta suggests discussing post-operative care plans with your doctor before surgery itself. Here are some helpful steps for a smooth home recovery:
- Stock Up on Supplies: Get any medications, wound care supplies, dressings, and pain relief medication you might need.
- Prepare Your Home: Ensure your home environment is comfortable and safe for recovery.
- Organise Support: Arrange for help with household chores, childcare, or transportation if needed.
- Plan Meals: Prepare easy-to-fix, nutritious meals beforehand to minimise burden during recovery.
Final Word
Understanding what to expect after major surgery empowers you to participate actively in your recovery. By following your doctor's instructions, taking good care of yourself, and prioritising both physical and emotional wellbeing, you can optimise your healing journey and achieve a successful recovery