Vaginal discharge is normal for most women. While it may not make you feel so good, it actually keeps your vagina clean and healthy, maintaining its pH balance, and helping to prevent infections. The amount, colour, and consistency of vaginal discharge can vary throughout the menstrual cycle and from person to person. However, any sudden change in the discharge or the presence of other symptoms like itching, burning, or pain could indicate an underlying issue or infection. Therefore, it is important to consult with a gynaecologist or a healthcare provider. We spoke to experts to understand the signs of an abnormal vaginal discharge and its causes.
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When Is Vaginal Discharge Abnormal?
Dr Parinita Kalita, Associate Director-Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, says, "Normal vaginal discharge is a clear, white or off-white fluid, which help clean and lubricate the vagina, and helps fight off bad bacteria and infection."
On the contrary, a discharge that has a greenish-yellowish colour, mixed with blood, or some bad odour, accompanied by pain and itching, is considered abnormal, she adds.
According to Dr Usha BR, Consultant - OBGYN, Fertility and Laparoscopic Surgeon, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, when the discharge is excessive in quantity and one is required to wear a pad or a panty liner, or if causes itching, has a foul smell, it can be abnormal and must be consulted with a gynaecologist.
Causes
Some of the common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge include:
- Fungal infection
- Bacterial infections
- Trichomonas infection
- Excessive use of antibiotics
- Malignancy like cervical cancer, uterine cancer
- Some foreign body like intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)
- Use of douching
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by a yeast that can lead to vaginal itching or soreness and abnormal vaginal discharge. In case of a bacterial infection, one must beware of bacterial vaginosis, a common, treatable, vaginal condition, which can increase your chance of getting a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD).
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How To Take Care
Preventing abnormal vaginal discharge involves maintaining good vaginal health and addressing potential risk factors. Here are some ways to help prevent abnormal vaginal discharge:
- Practise good hygiene by wash the vaginal area with mild, unscented soap and warm water
- Avoid using douches, scented hygiene products, or harsh soaps
- Choose cotton underwear and loose-fitting pants or skirts to allow air circulation
- Avoid tight-fitting, synthetic underwear
- Use condoms and engage in safe sexual practices to reduce the risk of STIs
- Drink plenty of water
- Take antibiotics only as prescribed by a healthcare professional
- Avoid using scented tampons, pads, or wipes
Conclusion
Maintaining your vaginal health is important for your overall well-being. This can be achieved by proper awareness. As important as it is to maintain intimate hygiene, it is as important to let your body do their work. Contrary to popular belief, vaginal discharge is normal and essential for your vaginal health. You do not need external products to keep it clean. Individually, you can take measures to protect yourself from STIs and infections that can be prevented by safe sex practice.