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Veteran filmmaker Shyam Benegal, a pivotal figure in Indian cinema, passed away on December 23, 2024, at the age of 90. The reason for his death is said to be complications from chronic kidney disease. His daughter, Pia Benegal, confirmed that he had been battling this ailment for several years. Shyam was admitted to the ICU at Wockhardt Hospital in Mumbai, where he ultimately succumbed to his condition.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), the reason for the death of the filmmaker, significantly impacts life expectancy. It is based on several factors, including the stage of the disease, age, sex, and overall health.
What Is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
WHO defines chronic kidney disease as the slow loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and extra fluids from the blood, which are then removed from the body through urine. When chronic kidney disease progresses to an advanced stage, harmful levels of fluids, electrolytes, and waste products can accumulate in the body, leading to serious health issues.
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What Are Stages Of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Dr Mohit Khirbat, Consultant, Nephrology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, detailed the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and shared that it is divided into five stages.
Stage 1: Mild kidney damage, with a GFR greater than 90 mL/min.
Stage 2: Mild kidney dysfunction, with a GFR between 60 and 89 mL/min.
Stage 3: Moderate kidney dysfunction, with a GFR between 30 and 59 mL/min. This stage is divided into two sub-stages:
Stage 3a: GFR between 45 and 59 mL/min.
Stage 3b: GFR between 30 and 44 mL/min.
Stage 4: Severe loss of kidney function, with a GFR between 15 and 29 mL/min.
Stage 5: End-stage kidney disease, with a GFR of less than 15 mL/min.
How Long A Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) May Live?
At the end-stage renal disease (ESRD), kidneys fail to function adequately, requiring dialysis or transplantation. A study published on PubMed, detailed the average life expectancy for patients on dialysis is generally estimated at 5-10 years after reaching the fifth stage. However, some may live longer, up to 20-30 years with proper management and care. At the 5 stage, the age of the patient ranges above 60 and might live up to around 85 years.
Factors Affecting Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
There are several factors that can affect the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals. Some of them include.
- Diabetes
- High Blood Pressure
- Heart Disease
- Obesity
- Age
- Family History
- History of acute kidney injury
- Smoking
- Poor diet and physical inactivity
Managing these risk factors through lifestyle changes and medical interventions can help reduce the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or slow its progression among individuals.
How To Manage Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A study published on NIDDK suggests several important steps to protect kidney function and overall health. Some of them are mentioned below.
Control Blood Pressure
Keeping blood pressure at or below 140/90 mm Hg is crucial, as high blood pressure can damage the kidneys. This can be achieved through eating a heart-healthy, low-sodium diet.
Manage Blood Glucose Levels
For individuals with diabetes, maintaining blood glucose levels within target ranges is essential. Regular monitoring and achieving an A1C level below 7% can help protect kidney health.
Regular Monitoring
Frequent check-ups are important to track kidney function through tests that measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin levels.
Medication Adherence
Take prescribed medications to manage blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels.
Dietary Management
Consulting with a professional dietitian can help create a meal plan that supports kidney health while meeting dietary restrictions related to CKD.
Physical Activity
Engaging in regular physical activity for at least 30 minutes most days can help manage weight, reduce stress, and improve overall health.
Weight Management
Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on the kidneys and helps control blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking can improve kidney health and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Stress Management
Finding healthy ways to cope with stress and addressing any feelings of depression are vital for managing CKD effectively.
Conclusion
Effective management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for preserving kidney function and overall health. It progresses through stages defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), highlighting the need for early detection and intervention. However, one must follow the management strategies that involve controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels, adhering to medications, and making lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.