Is Heart Disease a Greater Threat to Women Than Breast Cancer? Here’s What You Need to Know

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and poses a significant threat to women, often claiming lives silently. This is particularly concerning when considering that women are more prone to cardiovascular diseases than men. Even more shocking is the fact that the death toll from heart disease in women surpasses that of breast cancer and all other cancers combined. This highlights the critical need for increased awareness and preventive measures to combat heart disease among women. We spoke to our expert Dr Madan Mohan B, Senior Consultant, Interventional Cardiologist, MGM Healthcare, Chennai, who explained the various aspects of this issue.

Heart Disease Statistics in India

Ranging from coronary artery disease to heart attacks, heart disease is a significant health crisis in India, claiming about 25% of all mortality. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, this silent killer is the primary cause of death among Indian women, surpassing the combined mortality rates of breast cancer and all other cancers. The data underscores the critical importance of raising awareness among Indian women about heart disease prevention.

Increasing Occurrence of Heart Disease

India's age-standardised CVD death rate is 272 per 100,000 people, exceeding the global average of 235. The INTERHEART Study, a comprehensive cohort study involving over 52,000 individuals with myocardial infarction, has revealed that women typically experience their first presentation of coronary heart disease around 10 years later than men, most commonly after menopause. Despite this later onset, mortality rates are increasing more rapidly among women than men.

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Risk Factors for Heart Disease in Women

Elevated blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes are primary risk factors contributing to the increased prevalence of heart disease among Indian women. "Studies indicate about 12% of Indian women have diabetes, which is the highest among women worldwide. Factors like lack of physical activity, poor diet, and high-stress levels among women further increase the risk of developing heart conditions," highlighted Dr Mohan.

Hormonal Imbalances and Heart Health

Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and menopause significantly impact women’s heart health. "Pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia increase the long-term risk of heart disease. Given the higher rates of these conditions among Indian women compared to the global average, they face a heightened risk of developing heart problems," added Dr Mohan.

Symptoms of Heart Disease in Women

Unlike men who often experience chest pain, women's heart disease symptoms can be more subtle, including fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath. "These subtle signs may not prompt women to seek immediate medical care due to prevailing cultural and societal pressures. Women often delay seeking help during a heart attack, leading to reduced chances of optimal care and poorer outcomes," said Dr Mohan.

Also Read: Heart Disease Running In Your Family? Expert Shares Dos And Don'ts That You Should Follow

Menopause, Genetics and Heart Health

While hormone fluctuations during menstruation typically don't trigger heart problems, the decline in protective oestrogen at menopause significantly increases heart disease risk for women. However, some women experience heart issues even before menopause. Let's explore the reasons behind this.

"A strong genetic component contributes to heart disease. If a parent experienced heart problems at a young age, their children are at a heightened risk of developing heart issues even earlier. For example, a mother with a heart attack at 45 may have a daughter facing similar challenges by age 40, highlighting the power of genetic predisposition," explained Dr Mohan.

Lifestyle Factors and Heart Health

Other factors, such as chronic stress, can also increase the risk of heart problems in young individuals. Additionally, underlying health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid disease can contribute to heart blockages, further increasing the risk. Combined with genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors, these conditions can significantly impact heart health, even during menstruation and at a young age.

The Role of Awareness

Effective awareness campaigns can significantly impact the prevention and management of women's heart disease. It's crucial to educate women, their families, and healthcare providers about the unique heart disease risks facing Indian women.

Mobile health clinics, community health programs, and inclusive policies are essential steps towards providing preventive and timely healthcare to underprivileged women.

Dr Mohan emphasised, "Awareness campaigns, community programs, and media initiatives are essential for educating women about heart disease prevention and management. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and stress management, is crucial in combating this condition."

[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]