Postnatal or postpartum anxiety is a complex and often misunderstood condition affecting numerous new mothers. While mild mood changes, known as the 'baby blues,' are common after childbirth and typically last only a few days, postnatal anxiety can be equally debilitating. However, it receives less attention than postpartum depression. It may disrupt a mother's capacity to attend to her own needs and those of her baby. In this article, Dr Aneeta Talwar, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital Whitefield, Bengaluru, sheds light on postnatal anxiety, its symptoms, and strategies for management.
Understanding Postnatal Anxiety
The period following childbirth, intended to be one of joy and bonding, can be overshadowed by overwhelming anxiety for some women. “Natural concerns about the well-being of the newborn, including eating habits, sleep patterns, and developmental milestones, often intertwine with irrational fears of harm, making it challenging to recognise postnatal anxiety as part of the norm”, said Dr Talwar.
If you experienced anxiety before pregnancy, have a family history of it, or have a history of pregnancy loss (miscarriage or stillbirth), you are certainly at a higher risk. Postnatal anxiety can also coexist with postpartum depression. “It's important to note that anxiety doesn't discriminate, it can affect any new parent, regardless of whether they gave birth. Worrying is a natural part of the transition to parenthood”, highlighted Dr Talwar.
Experiencing worry is common for new parents, regardless of whether they gave birth or not. Anxiety can impact any parent during this transformative time. Yes, your spouse can have postnatal anxiety too.
“Many women feel ashamed or embarrassed to admit that they are struggling, fearing judgement or being labelled as unfit mothers. As a result, they may suffer in silence, which only exacerbates the problem”, added Talwar.
Also Read: Postpartum Depression: Expert Lists Its Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Importance Of Seeking Support
Signs Of Postnatal Anxiety
Dr Talwar listed the common signs of postnatal anxiety as follows:
- Disrupted sleep
- Palpitations
- Nausea
- Feeling short of breath
- Loss of appetite
- Inability to relax or keep calm
- Racing thoughts, particularly about worst-case scenarios
“It also includes forgetfulness, irritability, feeling on edge or fearful and checking things over and over again. However, when the anxiety becomes excessive and interferes with daily functioning, it may indicate a more serious problem”, added Dr Talwar.
He added, “If left untreated, it can strain relationships, interfere with bonding with the baby, physical health problems, panic attacks or suicidal thoughts. Hence, new mothers must seek help if they are experiencing symptoms of postpartum anxiety.”
According to Frontiers in Psychiatry, postnatal anxiety can have adverse effects on breastfeeding and the initial interactions between mothers and infants (7–11), occurring during a period when children are highly responsive to their surroundings. This can lead to suboptimal behavioural, cognitive, and emotional development outcomes for children.
Also Read: Postpartum Haemorrhage: Expert Lists The Risk Factors And Effects of Blood Loss From Delivery
Treating Postnatal Anxiety
Postnatal anxiety doesn't last forever but also doesn't go away on its own. Getting prompt treatment is the best way to recover. With the appropriate treatment, you can overcome this anxiety and nurture a strong bond with your precious little one.
Treatment for postnatal anxiety usually involves a combination of therapy.
Dr Talwar listed some ways to treat postnatal anxiety without medication as follows:
- Share your feelings with people in a similar situation, and ask for help from family or friends. For instance, having assistance with chores or babysitting can alleviate some pressure.
- It's beneficial to aim for a daily walk or incorporate exercise into your routine.
- Practising yoga can also help with relaxation.
- Ensure you maintain a balanced diet and prioritise getting sufficient sleep.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is particularly effective in helping women learn coping strategies to manage their anxiety. Medication may be required in some cases.
Managing Postnatal Anxiety
“Family members and society as a whole need to recognise this problem. Employers can also play a role by offering flexible work arrangements to new parents by allowing them the time and space they need to prioritise their mental health. By raising awareness and providing support, we can create a more compassionate and supportive society for all families”, emphasised Dr Talwar.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by a registered healthcare professional and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you notice any issues after pregnancy for the right diagnosis.]