Pregnancy is an exciting journey, but it can also bring some unexpected issues, like pregnancy rhinitis. This common condition causes nasal congestion due to hormonal changes, particularly an increase in oestrogen. This condition typically lasts for at least six weeks and is not due to an infection. To understand more about this condition, we spoke to Dr Anusha Rao P, Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, who explained what pregnancy rhinitis is, its symptoms, and how to manage it effectively to help you stay comfortable throughout your pregnancy.
What Is Pregnancy Rhinitis?
“Pregnancy rhinitis is a common condition characterised by nasal congestion during pregnancy. This condition is not associated with any infection or allergy but is believed to result from hormonal changes, particularly an increase in oestrogen levels. Oestrogen can cause the nasal passages to swell, leading to congestion. This condition typically occurs in the second and third trimesters, affecting around 20-30% of pregnant women,” said Dr Rao.
According to a 2016 study, around 20–40% of women experience rhinitis symptoms in their childhood or adolescence, and 10–30% of these women report an increase in symptoms during pregnancy.
Symptoms Of Pregnancy Rhinitis
The primary symptom of pregnancy rhinitis is persistent nasal congestion, which can cause a stuffy or runny nose. Other symptoms may include sneezing, coughing, and a decreased sense of smell.
“These symptoms can be particularly bothersome as they disrupt sleep, leading to fatigue and decreased overall quality of life. The symptoms of pregnancy rhinitis are similar to those of a common cold but tend to last longer, often persisting throughout pregnancy and usually resolving within two weeks after childbirth,” added Dr Rao.
Pregnancy rhinitis was found in 11.65% of pregnant women, with the condition primarily occurring in the first trimester. It significantly impacted both gestational age and the BMI of patients with PR compared to those without, as stated in a 2022 study.
Treatment For Pregnancy Rhinitis
Treatment for pregnancy rhinitis focuses on symptom relief, as the condition typically resolves after delivery. Here are some measures that can help in treatment:
- Non-pharmacological approaches are generally preferred, given the limitations on medication use during pregnancy.
- Saline nasal sprays or steam inhalation can help moisten the nasal passages and reduce congestion.
- Using a humidifier in the home can also alleviate symptoms by keeping the air moist.
“If these measures are insufficient, we may recommend short-term use of decongestant nasal sprays. However, these measures should be used cautiously and under medical supervision due to potential risks to the baby,” added Dr Rao.
According to a 2016 study, pregnancy rhinitis can cause snoring and sleep apnea syndrome, potentially leading to serious complications for both mother and baby, such as maternal hypertension and preeclampsia, as well as foetal issues like a low Apgar score and intrauterine growth retardation.
Also Read: Pregnancy Care: Expert Explains The Importance Of Maternal Diet And Nutrition And How To Focus
How To Prevent Pregnancy Rhinitis?
“Preventing pregnancy rhinitis entirely may not be possible, given its hormonal basis. However, certain lifestyle adjustments can help minimise symptoms. Staying hydrated, avoiding irritants like smoke and strong odours, and maintaining a healthy diet can support overall nasal health,” said Dr Rao.
Pregnant women should also avoid allergens known to trigger symptoms, such as dust mites or pet dander, whenever possible. Regular prenatal check-ups are essential to monitor and manage symptoms effectively, ensuring maternal comfort and foetal well-being.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]