The human brain serves as the epicentre of our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Often likened to the most powerful and sophisticated computer, the brain is a complex network of billions of neurons, constantly communicating with each other and performing cognitive functions.
“Neurological disorders are a broad category of medical conditions that affect the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These disorders can result from various causes, such as genetics, infections, trauma, autoimmune reactions, and environmental factors,” said Dr Parth Lalcheta, Consultant Neurosurgeon, HCG Hospitals, Rajkot.
“Neurological disorders can manifest in a wide range of symptoms and may impact motor function, sensory perception, cognitive abilities, and other aspects of neurological function,” he added.
“The most common neurological disorders that manifest are Alzheimer's, Parkinson, Migraine, Huntington’s disorder, Multiple Sclerosis and many more. Though the common area of manifestation is the brain, these disorders have different symptoms and causes. Through this article, we’ll decode the intricacies and symptoms of these disorders and the treatment for each of them,” Dr Lalcheta explained.
1.Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is identified by damage to areas of the brain that are responsible for thinking, learning and memory i.e cognition. Alzheimer’s occurs due to the accumulation of beta- amyloid plaques and tau tangles. People with Alzheimer’s may struggle with simple tasks, experience confusion, and face challenges in communication. According to Dr Lalcheta, recognising these symptoms early on can lead to better management and support for both patients and their families.
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2.Parkinson’s Disorder
“Parkinson's disease affects movement and is often recognised by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination. As the disorder progresses, individuals may also experience speech and writing difficulties. Innovative treatments and therapies are continually evolving to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected,” said Dr Lalcheta.
3.Migraines
“Migraines, though often underestimated, are a neurological disorder causing severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light, and sound,” said Dr Lalcheta, adding, lifestyle modifications, medications, and emerging therapies provide hope for those seeking relief from the debilitating impact of chronic migraines.
4.Huntington’s Disease
According to Dr Lalcheta, Huntington's disease is a hereditary neurological disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain. It typically manifests in mid-adulthood, leading to motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and behavioural changes.
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Symptoms include involuntary movements (chorea), difficulty with coordination, and psychiatric issues. Huntington's disease is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene with treatment focusing on managing symptoms and providing supportive care.
5.Multiple Sclerosis
As per MayoClinic, multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibres. Symptoms vary widely and can include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling, and problems with coordination. Early diagnosis and personalised treatment plans are essential to managing the unpredictable course of MS.
In the face of these challenges, ongoing advancements in medical research and technology provide hope. The culmination of artificial intelligence, personalised medicine, and innovative therapies is transforming the landscape of neurological disorder management. It is essential to promote awareness and understanding of neurological disorders to foster early detection, reduce stigma, and encourage empathy for those affected.
As we unravel the mysteries of the human brain, our collective efforts can pave the way for improved treatments, increased quality of life, and, ultimately, the possibility of preventing these disorders altogether.