The teenage or adolescent years are not only an exciting phase, but they are also an important juncture in children’s lives. As they’re busy setting new goals, taking on more responsibilities, and hitting amazing milestones, as parents, it is still important for you to keep them safe and healthy. One of the ways that can be done is by getting them vaccinated as per the immunisation schedule.
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr J Harikishan, Senior General Physician, Kamineni Hospitals, LB Nagar, Hyderabad, shed light on the role and benefits of vaccination and shared the important shots teenage children should not miss.
Role Of Vaccines
"Vaccines play a crucial role in preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases," said Dr Harikishan, adding, "They work by stimulating the immune system to recognise and fight specific pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, without causing the disease itself."
By doing so, vaccines prompt the immune system to produce an immune response, including the production of antibodies, he explained further.
Currently, we have vaccines for over 20 life-threatening diseases that prevent 30.5–50 lakh annual deaths from diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Apart from protecting individuals from serious illnesses, vaccination also contributes to the broader community's immunity, creating a shield that limits the transmission of infectious agents, said Dr Harikishan.
Vaccinations Teenager (13-17) Should Get
Some of the common vaccines every teenager should get include:
Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Pertussis (Tdap)
This vaccine provides protection against three serious bacterial infections: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Tdap is often administered as a booster shot during adolescence.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
HPV vaccination is recommended for both males and females to prevent infections that can lead to cervical cancer, as well as other cancers and genital warts. It is recommended at ages 11–12 and can be given starting at age 9, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MCV4)
This vaccine protects against bacterial meningitis, a potentially life-threatening infection that can affect the brain and spinal cord. Dr Harikishan especially recommended the vaccine for teens living in close quarters, such as college dormitories.
Influenza (Flu) Vaccine
Annual influenza vaccination is crucial to protect against seasonal flu viruses. It is recommended for everyone, including teenagers, to reduce the risk of illness and prevent the spread of flu in the community. Reportedly, an estimated 100 crore people worldwide are infected with seasonal flu every year, which is why it is important to take necessary precautions, including vaccination, against the virus.
Also Read: When Exactly Should You Get A Flu Shot And Is It Necessary If You Got It Last Year?
Managing Side Effects
Dr Harikishan said, “Vaccines are generally safe, but like any medical intervention, they can cause side effects.”
According to him, most side effects are mild and temporary, such as soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or fatigue, which are mostly manageable at home. Here are some tips to follow:
Pain and swelling: Apply a clean, cool compress to the injection site. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help alleviate discomfort.
Fever: Stay well-hydrated and dress in lightweight clothing. Rest and use fever-reducing medications as directed by a physician.
Fatigue: Get plenty of rest and avoid strenuous activities for a day or two after vaccination.
Headache: Stay hydrated, rest, and consider using over-the-counter pain relievers.
Nausea: Eat light and bland foods, and stay hydrated. If nausea persists, consult an ENT doctor, Dr Harikishan advised.
Conclusion
Vaccinations are a great way to reduce one's risk of severe illnesses. For instance, in the case of the HPV vaccine, it helps lower the risk of cervical cancer in women.
Although vaccines do not guarantee complete protection, they do reduce the probability of disease occurrence. In certain cases of viral and bacterial infections, breakthrough illnesses may occur, but doctors still advise getting jabbed because it lowers the risk of hospitalisation and death. Similarly, teens should also get their vaccines on time to protect them from serious and potentially life-threatening diseases.