Importance of Early Detection of Oral Precancerous Lesions: Expert Shares What We Should Know

In India, oral cancer is one of the most prevalent yet preventable types of cancer, and the key to reducing its burden is to detect the signs early on. Before cancer develops, many people experience oral precancerous lesions, which are changes in the mouth lining that may look harmless but can turn malignant if ignored. 

In an exclusive interaction with the editorial team of Onlymyhealth, Dr Niti Raizada, Principal Director, Medical Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, Fortis Hospitals, Bengaluru, shared that if detection is done early, it may not only save a life but also ensure a patient's rapid recovery with less treatment intervention. Read ahead to know everything she shared with us.

What Are Oral Precancerous Lesions?

Oral precancerous lesions are abnormal changes in the mouth tissues that carry a higher risk of being converted to cancer. Usually, these changes are seen as white patches (leukoplakia), red patches (erythroplakia), mixed red and white lesions, persistent ulcers, thickened areas, or unexplained growths inside the mouth. “Not all lesions undergoing such changes turn cancerous, but a noteworthy proportion can advance if proper treatment is not administered,” she added.

Dr Raizada stated that most people consider these changes as something minor like mouth ulcer, infection, or sharp tooth irritation. “The delay in getting medical help is one of the biggest factors that contribute to oral cancer,” she said.

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Why Early Detection of Oral Precancerous Lesions Matter

The early detection of oral precancerous lesions has multiple benefits. If these lesions are spotted in the initial stage, they are generally treated by lifestyle changes, medications, or minor surgeries. Not only does this prevent the cancerous transformation but also the need for extensive surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy later on.

Dr Raizada pointed out that the survival chances of an oral cancer patient who has been diagnosed at an early stage are much higher when compared to one diagnosed at an advanced stage. An early diagnosis also means fewer complications, better preservation of eating and speaking ability, and improved quality of life.

Common Risk Factors of Oral Precancerous Lesions You Should Not Ignore

“There are certain behaviours and health issues that increase the likelihood of people developing oral precancerous lesions. The use of tobacco in any form such as smoking, smokeless methods like gutkha, and paan are the primary risk factors. Other factors that add up are overuse of alcohol, neglecting oral hygiene, wearing dentures that don’t fit properly, teeth that are sharp and cause chronic irritation to the gums, and exposure to sun for long periods (especially for the lesions on the lips),” Dr Raizada explained in detail.

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Moreover, HPV infection, vitamin and mineral deficiencies can also be driving factors. Doctors advise that people with these risk factors should take more care and have regular oral check-ups.

Warning Signs of Oral Precancerous Lesions That Need Immediate Attention

All the signs mentioned above, including the mouth ulcers, which do not go away and last for more than two weeks, bleeding that cannot be explained, numbness, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, and alteration in voice, can indicate serious problems. Dr Raizada shared that one should never overlook white or red spots that are there but do not heal.

“Pain is not necessarily a symptom in the beginning. That’s why dental check-ups are so important, even when the person is not experiencing any discomfort,” Dr Raizada shared.

Role of Regular Dental and Medical Check-ups

Regular dental appointments are very important for detecting oral diseases at early stages. Dentists are often the first ones to notice the changes in the oral cavity that might be suspicious. Basic screening techniques, visual inspections, and biopsies, if required, can all lead to an early diagnosis.

Dr Raizada recommended that adults, especially people who use tobacco and consume alcohol, should have an oral examination once a year at a minimum. 

Prevention Tips for Oral Precancerous Lesions 

Quitting tobacco and limiting alcohol intake significantly reduces the risk of developing oral precancerous lesions. Good oral hygiene habits, a balanced diet including plenty of fruits and vegetables, and quick action on dental problems are key preventive measures.

Bottomline

Early detection of oral precancerous lesions can prevent oral cancer, reduce treatment complexity, and save lives. Experts recommend regular check-ups and timely action as the strongest tools for protection.