The monsoon brings relief from intense heat. But it also gives light to various issues and health problems. This includes an increased risk of mould, which is a growth of fungi on the walls, clothes, books, or toys. It is a sign of excessive moisture and can not only damage household items but also lead to health issues.
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Arun Chowdary Kotaru, Consultant - Respiratory, Pulmonology, and Sleep Medicine, Artemis Hospital, explains how moulds form and the impact they can have on people’s health. He also shares steps to tackle the problem.
Also Read: What Happens If You Eat Fungus Or Mold By Mistake? Let’s Find Out
Why Mould Formation Is More Common During Monsoon
"Monsoons increase the risk of mould formation by bringing excessive moisture and humidity, creating an ideal environment for mould growth. Water damage, flooding, and dampness in buildings and homes facilitate mould proliferation," says Dr Kataru.
He adds, "Inhaling mould spores is likely to trigger allergic reactions, respiratory issues, and infections, affecting lung health."
Signs Of Mould Exposure
According to the doctor, short-term mould exposure can lead to coughing, sneezing, and congestion. On the other hand, long-term exposure can cause chronic respiratory problems, such as bronchitis, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
If a person is exposed to the mould for prolonged periods, it can also have toxic effects, including pulmonary bleeding and fibrosis, Dr Kotaru warns, adding that people with pre-existing respiratory conditions or weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to mould-related health issues.
Respiratory symptoms indicating mould exposure include the following:
- Coughing, sneezing, and congestion
- Wheezing and shortness of breath
- Chest tightness and pain
- Recurring bronchitis or pneumonia
- Asthma-like symptoms
- Pulmonary bleeding or fibrosis (in severe cases)
- Allergic reactions, such as hives or itchy eyes
- Infections, like pneumonia or sinusitis
- Chronic respiratory issues, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
People Who Should Take More Caution
While mould exposure impacts everyone, some people may be at a greater risk of developing symptoms than others. These include:
- People with pre-existing respiratory conditions (asthma and COPD)
- People with weakened immune systems (HIV/AIDS and cancer)
- Older adults and young children
- Pregnant women
- Individuals with chronic illnesses (diabetes and liver disease)
- People taking immunosuppressive medications
- People exposed to mould in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces
How To Tackle The Problem
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), people should maintain a humidity level below 60% to reduce the risk of moisture buildup and mould growth. This can be achieved by:
- Ensuring good ventilation and airflow in homes and buildings
- Fixing water leaks and dampness promptly
- Using mould-resistant materials and coatings
- Regularly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces
- Refraining from carpeting in damp areas
Additionally, people should take certain measures to protect themselves from mould exposure. These include:
- Wearing protective gear when handling mouldy materials
- Monitoring indoor humidity levels (below 50%)
- Considering using air purifiers or dehumidifiers
- Keeping yourself aware of mould growth and health risks
Conclusion
Moulds are not only repulsive to look at; they’re also extremely harmful for your health. From causing respiratory issues to triggering allergic symptoms, they can impact people in several ways. Those who have pre-existing respiratory problems should be particularly careful of mould exposure. Ensure that you have good ventilation and install a humidifier to reduce the risk.