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With the death toll surpassing 350 and around 200 people still missing, the landslides in Wayanad, Kerala, will be remembered as one of the decade’s most devastating disasters. Similarly, flash floods caused by cloudbursts in three Himachal districts have claimed 11 lives, whereas more than 40 remain missing.
The news of such shocking events is not only overwhelming but also leaves a traumatic impact on those who have witnessed or been affected by them. Based on one's personal experience and depending on the nature of the loss, people may undergo a storm of emotions, all of which can impact mental health. To understand the same, the OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Archana Singhal, Counsellor and Family Therapist, Founder, Mindwell Counsel.
Also Read: #MentalHealthMatters: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, An Overview
How Natural Disasters Impact Mental Health?
“Natural disasters have a great effect on mental health and can cause stress reactions such as shock and confusion," says Singhal, adding that anxiety and emotional turmoil may be experienced by individuals in the immediate aftermath.
If left unchecked, these symptoms can become more serious over time, as they can lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) characterised by flashbacks and severe anxiety, the expert notes.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 70% of people worldwide will experience a potentially traumatic event during their lifetime, but only a small percentage (5.6%) will go on to develop PTSD.
The good news is that up to 40% of people with PTSD recover within one year. However, the recovery process is often hindered by a lack of awareness about PTSD treatment, limited access to healthcare services, and the persistence of social stigma.
Long-Term Psychological Effects From Natural Disasters
There's a high chance that the destruction of homes, the loss of loved ones, and personal items can intensify feelings of grief and hopelessness that disrupt daily life while increasing vulnerability to mental illness, says Singhal.
While the WHO suggests that most people recover from traumatic events, some continue to bear the long-term psychological effects.
"Chronic PTSD is common in people experiencing extreme anxiety. Depression is usually characterised by persistent sadness, fatigue, and a and a lack of interest in previously enjoyable things. Anxiety disorders, including Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and panic attacks may also occur," the expert highlights.
"Some may resort to substance abuse as a way of coping or social withdrawal plus cognitive impairments, which might further complicate recovery," she adds.
Also Read: Grief's Silent Toll: Here's How It Can Affect Your Body
How To Cope With Loss?
Singhal shares that a multi-pronged approach is needed to deal with loss through natural disasters.
“Sometimes it is very important for people suffering from this kind of problem to look for help from professional therapists or counsellors,” she advises, adding that connecting with support networks, including friends, family, and support groups, helps alleviate feelings of isolation.
Additionally, establishing a routine, engaging in self-care, and expressing emotions through various outlets can also aid recovery.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own mental health professional if you are dealing with any mental health challenges.]