Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that arises after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as a serious accident, natural disaster, war, assault, or any life-threatening situation. While it’s natural to feel anxious or unsettled after such experiences, PTSD occurs when these feelings don’t fade over time and begin to disrupt daily life. Individuals with PTSD may relive the trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, feel constantly on edge, or avoid situations that remind them of the event. This disorder affects not only emotional well-being but also physical health, as prolonged stress responses can lead to a range of chronic health issues. Understanding PTSD is essential for recognizing its impact and finding ways to manage its complex effects on both the mind and body.
To better understand the connection between PTSD and physical health, we spoke with Dr Savneet Kaur Bhasin, Mental Health Therapist, Mumbai.
Physical Symptoms of PTSD and Their Daily Impact
PTSD manifests physically in many ways, including headaches, muscle tension, and fatigue. Dr Bhasin explains, “People with PTSD often experience physical symptoms such as headaches, muscle tension, and fatigue. These physical manifestations can affect everyday functioning, making simple tasks feel overwhelming.”
The daily impact of these symptoms is not just about discomfort—it often disrupts one's ability to work, maintain relationships, and engage in activities that bring joy, adding to the cycle of stress.
Link Between PTSD and Chronic Health Issues
Research consistently highlights a link between PTSD and chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. A study published in the National Institute of Health found that individuals with PTSD are at a higher risk of developing heart disease compared to those without PTSD, primarily due to prolonged exposure to stress hormones like cortisol. Dr Bhasin said, “The stress caused by PTSD leads to higher levels of cortisol and other stress hormones, which over time can negatively affect the heart and disrupt blood sugar levels.”
Also read: Expert Explains Impact Of Age On PTSD
Effects of PTSD on the Immune System
Chronic stress from PTSD doesn’t just take a toll on the mind; it also weakens the immune system. A study by Frontiers in Immunology noted that individuals with PTSD have a reduced immune response, making them more susceptible to infections. “Chronic stress from PTSD can weaken the immune system, making individuals more prone to infections,” Dr Bhasin shares. “Prolonged stress suppresses the body’s natural defenses, leaving it more vulnerable to illness.”
PTSD and Chronic Pain
PTSD alters how the brain processes pain, often increasing sensitivity to it. Dr Bhasin notes, “Many people with PTSD report heightened sensitivity to pain, often leading to conditions like fibromyalgia. For instance, one of my clients struggled with persistent muscle and joint pain, which became more intense following her trauma. This is because PTSD alters the brain’s pain regulation, making people more sensitive to physical discomfort.”
Sleep Disturbances and Physical Health
Sleep disturbances are a hallmark of PTSD, with sufferers often experiencing insomnia, nightmares, and restlessness. Poor sleep quality not only contributes to mental exhaustion but also exacerbates physical health issues. Studies have shown that insufficient sleep is linked to higher risks of cardiovascular problems, weakened immunity, and worsened mental health symptoms. Dr Bhasin notes, “Lack of quality sleep not only leads to exhaustion but also increases the risk of developing heart disease, weakens the immune system, and can worsen mental health symptoms.”
Also read: How Does PTSD Affect Sleep Quality? Psychiatrist Suggests Tips To Overcome Trauma
The Fight-or-Flight Response and Long-Term Health
PTSD keeps the body in a state of heightened alertness, activating the fight-or-flight response. This constant state of stress elevates blood pressure and stress hormone levels, which can contribute to long-term health problems. Dr Bhasin explains, “I worked with a police officer who constantly felt on edge, and over time, he developed high blood pressure and heart problems due to this prolonged stress.”
Inflammation and Physical Health Risks
According to Dr Bhasin, the chronic stress of PTSD can also trigger inflammation, leading to conditions like arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Elevated inflammation has been connected to increased risks of cancer and autoimmune disorders, making the physical toll of PTSD particularly severe.
Strategies to Manage Physical Symptoms of PTSD
Managing PTSD’s physical symptoms involves more than just mental health treatment. "Integrating lifestyle changes and relaxation techniques can significantly alleviate physical symptoms," Dr Bhasin said.
- Mindfulness and Relaxation: Techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing help calm the nervous system.
- Regular Exercise: Physical activity is known to reduce stress and improve physical health.
- Healthy Diet: A nutrient-rich diet can support the immune system and reduce inflammation.
- Social Support: Connecting with loved ones or joining support groups helps reduce feelings of isolation and fosters healthier habits.
Conclusion
PTSD’s effects extend beyond mental distress, deeply impacting physical health. By recognizing the physical symptoms and implementing holistic management strategies, individuals with PTSD can improve their overall health and quality of life. Remember, seeking professional help is crucial, as both mental and physical aspects of PTSD require careful attention and support.