A recent case in Mexico has brought the spotlight to zoonotic diseases, which are illnesses that can spread from animals to humans. The World Health Organisation (WHO) confirmed the first-ever human death caused by the H5N2 strain of avian influenza.
The 59-year-old patient from Mexico had no prior contact with poultry or other animals, raising concerns about the ease of transmission for this particular strain. While H5N2 has been previously detected in poultry in Mexico, this is the first documented case of human infection globally.
The patient, who suffered from underlying health conditions, experienced flu-like symptoms including fever, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, nausea, and general discomfort before passing away in April 2024. Health officials are currently investigating the source of the infection.
This case underscores the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic diseases and influenza viruses in particular. While the risk to the general public is considered to be low, public health agencies around the world remain vigilant.
What is Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)?
According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a respiratory illness that primarily infects birds. Several strains of avian influenza exist, and some can be highly contagious among birds. The good news is that not all strains of bird flu can infect humans. However, some strains, like H5N1, have caused serious illness in people in the past.
What is the H5N2 Strain?
The H5N2 strain is a subtype of avian influenza virus. While some H5N2 strains are highly pathogenic in birds, causing severe illness and death, this particular strain appears to be low pathogenic in birds, meaning it causes mild illness. However, the recent case in Mexico highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission of even low pathogenic strains.
How Does Avian Influenza Spread to Humans?
The H5N2 case in Mexico is the first documented case of human infection with this particular strain. While the source of infection is still under investigation, avian influenza viruses can spread to humans through contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. This can include inhaling respiratory droplets from infected birds or coming into contact with faeces from infected birds.
What are the Symptoms of Avian Influenza in Humans?
Avian influenza symptoms in humans can vary depending on the strain of the virus, but they can be similar to the flu and may include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Shortness of breath
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
What is the Risk to the Public?
The WHO currently considers the risk to the general public from the H5N2 strain to be low. However, public health officials are closely monitoring the situation.
How to Reduce Your Risk of Avian Influenza
There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of avian influenza infection:
- Avoid contact with sick birds or poultry.
- Do not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with bird droppings.
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling poultry or eggs.
- Cook poultry products to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
- Avoid travel to areas with outbreaks of avian influenza in birds.
Also Read: Bird Flu In Humans: Is It Possible?
The emergence of the first human case of H5N2 avian influenza highlights the need for continued vigilance and research into zoonotic diseases. While the current risk to the general public is considered low, it's important to be aware of the potential risks and take steps to protect yourself.