Brain diseases can be very threatening and complicated. Some brain problems persist for over a decade or life-time and it is hard to treat those conditions. Since brain is the central nervous system of our body and controls majority of functions, it affects other functions and organs as well. In most cases any brain disorder or disease affects spinal cord, nerves and major organs connected to brain for functioning. Today we will know about different types of brain diseases that occur in people and ways to cure these conditions.
Brain Related Conditions
We have Dr. Dinesh Kumar Mishra, Senior Neurologist and Consultant in Max Super-speciality Hospital, Mumbai to know about different types of brain conditions. He says that in most cases people get fatal brain conditions and it affects their whole life. This is because any kind of brain disorder or diseases shows major symptoms when the condition becomes serious. There are more than 300 neurological conditions that are related to brain but people know of just a couple of them.
It is not possible to know about every condition but we can talk about the categories in which these brain conditions are divided and have a look at those problems. These brain conditions include-
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Autism and neural development diseases
- Dementia
- Brain infections
- Neuromuscular diseases
- Movement disorders
- Seizure disorders
- Stroke and Vascular Diseases
- Trauma
Different Types of Brain Diseases
1. Autoimmune Diseases
There are various brain diseases which come under autoimmune brain diseases but most common among them is multiple sclerosis. This is a central nervous disorder that affects immune system of the person and attacks a tissue called myelin. This condition actually affects your neural communication between brain and the body. It also causes weakness in arms and legs, speech issues and tremors in some cases. Unfortunately there is not cure for this disease but there are therapies available that can cure this problem.
2. Autism and Neural Development Diseases
Autism is a challenge for many people around the globe; this condition is also related to nervous response and brain conditions. It is estimated that most people having some kind of autism do not get evident symptoms in first few years and when they do, it becomes really hard to come back. Verbal communication is the most common problem in neural development diseases and this it results to other problems such as repetitive behaviour.
Different types of neurological disorders include-
- Hypoxic encephalopathy
- Brain injury resulting to lack of oxygen in the baby
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
3. Dementia
Dementia is also categorised into several types. However as a whole dementia is a condition in which the person loses cognitive functions and is unable to perform some vital functions in the body. This makes a person dependent on others and it is hard for them to get out of this condition. Most common condition of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease.
There is no particular cure that can heal a person from dementia totally. However there are various therapies that can together help the person sustain his cognitive health and improve his symptoms. Majorly older adults are more likely to be affected with dementia which is a brain disorder.
4. Brain infection
Brain infections are hard to treat; common type of brain infection which occurs to people is meningitis. This is an infection that is caused around the brain and affects the spinal cord and cognitive ability of the person. Encephalitis is a brain infection that can cause neck stiffness, headache, fever and confusion in more terms. But it can even cause fatal problems and which may not be reversible and there is just an antiviral treatment for this.
5. Movement Disorders
Movement disorders are where the brain is affected in such a way that it affects the motor controls of the person. A person forgets or is unable to balance on his feet or walk properly. There are various problems that come under this category of brain disorder. These conditions include-
- Speech impairment
- Difficulty walking
- Loss of dopamine
- Stiff movement
- Tremors
- Parkinson’s disease
Most of the movement disorder can be treated with help of surgery or by different therapies. However if it affects peripheral nervous system then it could also lead them to stroke. Also know that these conditions cannot be cured which totally relieves all the symptoms.
6. Neuromuscular Diseases
Disorders that affect the neuromuscular system are those that cause problems to the peripheral nerves present outside the brain. They control various muscles that get affected and disengaged because of neuromuscular diseases. Cognitive problems also arise and they can turn in to fatal complications if not treated well. Neuromuscular problems can also happen because of dementia and amyotrophic lateral disease.
Peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly occurring neuromuscular brain disorder the makes a person numb and weak. It can cause various problems starting with pain, weakness and numbness around hands and feet. It is hard to treat people who have permanent nerve damage, those who just get their functions affected can be treated with help of therapies and surgery.
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7. Seizure disorder
This is a type of problem which is common and thankfully does not cause any major complication. Epilepsy is one of the major problems that can disrupt brain activity and cause illness and damage. However it is less likely to happen if the person gets therapies and takes necessary precautions against the problems.
Other seizure disorders can also include mesial temporal lobe that can affect the person in various ways. Some types o seizure disorder connected to the brain can also lead the person to stroke and cause life-threatening complications.
8. Stroke and Vascular Disease
Brain conditions and diseases that are categorised under stroke and vascular disease are mostly hard to reverse. Stroke is a leading cause of death among people and it affects older adults at a much fast pace. Ischemic stroke is the condition where the brain is unable to get blood supply because of clogged vessels. This results to stroke and nerve damage.
Another important condition of vascular disorder is hemorrhagic stroke in which the blood vessels present in the brain actually ruptures leading to bleeding in the brain. These conditions kill the brain tissue which causes death in most of the cases. Treatment of these conditions depend on the medical facility available, many a times a lot happens in less time and medical treatment is not sufficient to save the person.
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9. Trauma
This is also a brain condition in which there are various stages. Trauma that includes concussion can be mild or severe. It can range from as simple as headache and confusion to loss of consciousness and death. Trauma needs to be controlled and prevented in order to save the person from complications. This brain disease can be prevented by using measures such as wearing helmet, protective gears and other preventive techniques.
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