We all know the feeling of indigestion and acidity, more so after eating heavy, fatty, and processed foods. Acid reflux, or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in its more severe form, is a common digestive problem that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus because the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter (LES) doesn't close properly. This happens due to various factors, such as eating a large, heavy meal or when you lie down immediately after dinner. Most people experience heartburn as a common symptom, accompanied by nausea, regurgitation, cough, and bloating. While these symptoms are classic signs of acid reflux, these may sometimes be confused with other health conditions or vice versa.
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Heartburn Mistaken For Cardiac Issues
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Amit Yelsangikar, Consultant - Medical Gastroenterology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, says that GERD, or acid reflux, can often present symptoms that closely resemble those of various other medical conditions, leading to potential misdiagnosis.
One common symptom is heartburn, which, although commonly associated with GERD, may be mistaken for cardiac issues as well.
Heartburn usually occurs when stomach acids rise up into the oesophagus, causing discomfort and pain in the chest. However, because the oesophagus and the heart are located nearby, both GERD and heart-related problems can cause chest pain, leading to confusion.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), people should seek medical attention when:
- Uncomfortable pressure or squeezing in the centre of the chest lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back.
- Pain or discomfort radiates to one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
- Shortness of breath occurs with or without chest pain.
- People experience other symptoms like cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness.
Chronic Cough And Throat Irritation Confused With Respiratory Disorders
Dr Yelsangikar describes chronic cough and throat irritation as common symptoms of GERD, which can be confused with respiratory disorders or allergies.
Acid reflux can cause cough and sore throat when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, irritating the throat and voice box. Respiratory problems and allergies can also cause inflammation and mucus buildup in the airways, which in turn can lead to persistent cough and sore throat. These can be triggered by conditions like asthma, bronchitis, or sinusitis. Furthermore, allergens, such as pollen, dust, or pet dander, can worsen symptoms by irritating the throat and airways.
Anxiety Or Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux symptoms can also be confused with anxiety, which is a mental health condition associated with a feeling of turmoil and fear about the future. While anxiety is a natural response to stress, acid reflux occurs when stomach acids leak back into the oesophagus.
To differentiate between anxiety and acid reflux, experts recommend watching out for other related symptoms. While anxiety can also cause rapid heart rate, hyperventilation, or a feeling of doom, acid reflux can cause difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of sour liquid or food, and heartburn.
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How To Know For Sure If You Have Acid Reflux
To accurately differentiate GERD from these other conditions, doctors mostly rely on a combination of patient history, symptom evaluation, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy or pH monitoring, says Dr Yelsangikar.
He adds that understanding the nuances of GERD symptoms is crucial, as it allows for appropriate treatment and management, ultimately improving the quality of life for those affected. Recognising the distinct characteristics of GERD-related symptoms is essential for both patients and practitioners to ensure that the right diagnosis is made and that effective interventions are implemented.
Takeaway
Depending on the cause of the symptoms, treatments for specific conditions can be sought. If your symptoms are a result of acid reflux, focusing on a healthy diet, indulging in regular exercise, and practising mindful eating play a crucial role. It is important to chew food thoroughly and avoid overeating to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms. In case the symptoms are associated with other health conditions like heart problems, anxiety, or respiratory issues, consulting related doctors may help you make a decision on the treatment.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]