In recent times, medications like Ozempic (semaglutide) have gained popularity not only for managing type 2 diabetes but also as an aid in weight loss. Although it has been beneficial to many, it's crucial to understand and deal with some of its lesser-known side effects, one of which is what is now popularly known as 'Ozempic mouth.'
As a gynaecologist, I often encounter women who are on weight loss journeys, sometimes alongside managing hormonal imbalances, PCOS, or preparing for pregnancy. While the physical transformation can be empowering, it is crucial to recognise how medications like Ozempic can affect oral health, quality of life, and overall well-being, said Dr Chetna Jain, Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Sector 14, Gurgaon.
What Is Ozempic?
"Ozempic is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a class of drugs that helps regulate blood sugar levels and promotes feelings of fullness, reducing appetite. While effective in managing type 2 diabetes, its off-label use for weight loss has surged," said Dr Jain.
What Is 'Ozempic Mouth'?
"Ozempic mouth" is a term used to describe oral signs some patients develop when taking semaglutide. These may include:
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Metallic taste
- Swollen or sore tongue
- Increased thirst or burning sensation in the mouth
These side effects may seem minor inconveniences compared to the weight loss benefits; however, they can impact nutrition, oral hygiene, sleep quality, and even mental health.
A published case series reported three women (ages 27–46) on semaglutide for weight loss who developed severe dry mouth after around 6–16 weeks. Unstimulated saliva measured via the modified Schirmer test averaged just 8–10 mL/3 min, confirming hyposalivation. When semaglutide was paused, or in one case treated with pilocarpine, saliva flow returned to normal within 4 weeks. This was the first documented report of semaglutide-induced dry mouth.
Why Does It Happen?
Although the exact cause of Ozempic mouth is not known, there are a few theories. Here's what the expert shares:
- Dehydration: Ozempic can induce gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, resulting in fluid loss and dry mouth.
- Appetite Suppression: Decreased food consumption can lower normal saliva production, which is important for oral health.
- Alterations in Gut Microbiome: These drugs can change gut bacteria, which has an indirect effect on taste and mouth feel.
- Delayed Gastric Emptying: Food staying longer in the stomach can at times impact taste receptors and leave a metallic or bitter taste.
Why It Matters, Especially for Women
In women, particularly those who are handling reproductive health or are taking fertility treatments, overall wellness has to be balanced. A dry mouth can:
- Increase risk of gum disease and dental cavities
- Make it harder to eat or digest certain foods
- Lead to nutritional deficiencies, especially if diet is already restricted for weight loss
It’s essential not to overlook these symptoms as they may interfere with dietary adherence, comfort, and emotional well-being.
Also Read: Ozempic Side Effects: Gastrointestinal Symptoms To Watch Out For
What Can You Do?
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of Ozempic mouth, here are some practical steps:
- Sip water frequently throughout the day.
- Chew sugar-free gum or lozenges to stimulate saliva production.
- Use alcohol-free mouthwash and avoid irritants like caffeine and tobacco.
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene: brush twice daily and floss.
- Speak to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or switching medications if symptoms are severe.
Bottomline
Dr Jain concluded, "Ozempic can be a valuable tool for weight loss when used under medical supervision. However, identification and management of side effects, such as Ozempic mouth are important for ensuring long-term health and well-being. Always report any symptoms to your medical provider so changes can be made and your weight loss is safe and sustainable."
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]