Do you have white patches on the mucous membranes of your mouth? Do you experience discomfort or sensitivity in the affected area? These patches can be concerning as they may indicate potential changes in the cells lining the affected areas. It may indicate a serious health condition known as leukoplakia.
We spoke to Lt General Dr Vimal Arora, Chief Clinical Officer, Clove Dental, who explained this disease and its treatment measures.
What Is Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia is a condition characterised by the formation of white patches or plaques in the mouth that cannot be easily scraped off. These patches may appear on the tongue, gums, or inside of the cheek and require urgent attention. Failure to address leukoplakia promptly can result in its progression into oral cancer, making early identification and effective control measures crucial.
A 2019 study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute uncovered a startling fact: approximately one in every 30 individuals with oral leukoplakia will develop oral cancer within a mere five-year period. In India alone, over 6% of the population is affected by this insidious condition. These numbers underscore the urgent need for heightened awareness, early detection, and proper management strategies.
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Symptoms: Identifying the Warning Signs
Lt Dr Arora said that leukoplakia often presents with white patches that are painless, irregular in shape, slightly raised, and may exhibit a hint of redness. It is essential to distinguish these patches from those that can be easily rubbed or scraped off, which may indicate a different condition such as oral thrush.
Causes: Tobacco and Other Factors Increase the Risk
Lt Dr Arora said, "Long-term use of tobacco, whether through smoking or chewing, remains the primary cause of leukoplakia." Other contributing factors include the following:
Alcohol Consumption
Excessive and long-term alcohol consumption is another common risk factor for leukoplakia. Alcohol can also irritate the mucous membranes, making them more susceptible to cellular changes.
Chronic Irritation
Persistent irritation of the oral mucosa, such as rough teeth, ill-fitting dentures, or constant biting or chewing on the inside of the cheek, can contribute to the development of leukoplakia.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
Certain strains of HPV, a sexually transmitted infection, have been associated with leukoplakia, particularly in the oral cavity.
Also, ill-fitting or broken dentures, cheek injuries, and broken or uneven teeth can also add to this cause.
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Timely Diagnosis Saves Lives
Lt Dr Arora said that if a white patch persists in the mouth for more than two weeks, immediate evaluation by a dentist or medical practitioner is imperative. Through a thorough examination and possibly a biopsy, the healthcare professional can confirm the diagnosis of leukoplakia, ruling out other potential causes and abnormal cell growth.
Treatment and Prevention: Early Intervention Is Key
Lt Dr Arora said, "Regular check-ups are essential to monitor the size and progression of the patches." Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption can lead to a reduction or resolution of the patches. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the patches that pose a risk of developing into cancer.
Alarming Reality: Leukoplakia Can Progress to Deadly Mouth Cancer
Lt Dr Arora said that leukoplakia carries a chilling risk of developing mouth cancer over time. Therefore, individuals with ongoing leukoplakia should undergo frequent follow-ups, while those whose condition has resolved should undergo yearly checkups to ensure continued oral health.
Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is provided by an expert, however, we advise you to consult your expert for a diagnosis based on your medical history.