Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, especially when experiencing depressive episodes. However, there are medications called mood stabilisers that can help manage bipolar depression. This week in our 'Mental Health Matters' series, we spoke to Archana Singhal, Founder, Mindwell Counsel, Counsellor and Family Therapist, Delhi, India, who explained mood stabilisers and how they work to provide relief from bipolar depression .
According to Molecular Psychiatry, bipolar disorder is a prevalent, enduring mental health condition that significantly adds to the worldwide disease burden, affecting approximately 1% of the population. Individuals with this disorder experience recurring episodes of mania/hypomania or depression throughout their lives, leading to potential social and occupational impairment.
What Are Mood Stabilisers?
According to a 2023 study, mood stabilisers are primarily prescribed psychotropic medications utilised for managing bipolar disorder during acute episodes or as a maintenance regimen to deter relapses.
Singhal said, “Mood stabilisers are specifically designed to help regulate mood swings, including both depressive and manic episodes. These medications aim to stabilise the intense shifts in mood commonly experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder.”
Also Read: #MentalHealthMatters: What Is Bipolar Disorder, Explained
How Do Mood Stabilisers Work?
Balancing Brain Chemicals
“Mood stabilisers work by affecting certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These chemicals play a crucial role in regulating mood, and mood stabilisers help to balance their levels”, added Singhal.
Stabilising Mood Swings
One of the primary functions of mood stabilisers is to prevent or minimise the extremes of mood swings characteristic of bipolar disorder. They help to smooth out the peaks of mania and the valleys of depression, promoting a more stable emotional state.
Protecting Against Recurrences
Singhal said, “Mood stabilisers not only help manage current symptoms but also reduce the likelihood of future episodes. By maintaining a stable mood over time, these medications can help prevent the recurrence of depressive or manic episodes.”
Supporting LongTerm Stability
Consistent use of mood stabilisers, as prescribed by a healthcare professional, can contribute to long term stability in individuals with bipolar disorder. By providing ongoing mood regulation, these medications support overall mental health and wellbeing.
Types of Mood Stabilisers
Lithium
Lithium stands as one of the earliest and most frequently prescribed mood stabilisers. It is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of both manic and depressive episodes.
Anticonvulsants
Certain anticonvulsant medications, such as valproate and lamotrigine, are effective as mood stabilisers. They help regulate mood and prevent extreme fluctuations in mood.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the anticonvulsant medication lamotrigine to be used as a mood stabiliser for individuals with bipolar disorder, in addition to its established use in treating epilepsy, in 1994.
Atypical Antipsychotics
Some atypical antipsychotic medications, such as quetiapine and olanzapine, may also be used as mood stabilisers. They can help manage symptoms of bipolar disorder, including depressive episodes.
Bottomline
Singhal concluded, “Mood stabilisers are an essential component of treatment for bipolar depression. By regulating brain chemicals, stabilising mood swings, and protecting against recurrences, these medications play a crucial role in helping individuals with bipolar disorder achieve and maintain stability. With the guidance of a healthcare professional, the appropriate use of mood stabilisers can significantly improve the quality of life for those living with bipolar disorder.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your mental health expert if you are dealing with any mental health issues to get the necessary diagnosis and treatment.]