Nutrients play an essential role in maintaining our overall health. One such important nutrient includes iron, a mineral that the body needs to produce haemoglobin, which is a protein found in Red Blood Cells (RBCs). It helps carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Insufficient levels of iron can therefore lead to several complications, including breathlessness. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth editorial team, Dr Joydeep Ghosh, Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital Anandapur, Kolkata, helps us understand the science behind it.
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Breathlessness In Iron-Deficient Patients
“Iron deficiency can impede the supply of oxygen to tissues and organs, leading to breathlessness during routine activities or exertion. Inadequate oxygenation may cause the heart to work harder to compensate, resulting in an increased heart rate and feelings of breathlessness,” said Dr Ghosh.
Explaining further, he said, “When a person is iron deficient, the body's ability to produce an adequate amount of haemoglobin is compromised. As a result, there may be fewer red blood cells or the existing ones may have lower haemoglobin levels. This condition is known as iron-deficiency anaemia. With insufficient haemoglobin, the blood's capacity to transport oxygen decreases. This means that less oxygen is available to be delivered to the body's tissues and organs, including the muscles involved in breathing. As a compensatory mechanism, the body tries to increase the respiratory rate to inhale more oxygen, resulting in breathlessness or shortness of breath.”
Other Warning Signs Of Iron Deficiency
Some of the most common signs of iron deficiency include:
Fatigue and Weakness
Lack of energy and tiredness, even after getting adequate rest, is a classic symptom of iron deficiency. Given that iron helps produce haemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body, insufficient levels can lead to reduced oxygen delivery, resulting in fatigue and weakness.
Pale Complexion
A pale or "washed-out" appearance may indicate low iron levels. Haemoglobin gives blood its red colour, and when there is insufficient iron, the skin, lips, and nails may appear noticeably lighter. Checking the inside of the lower eyelids is a quick way to assess paleness, said Dr Ghosh.
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Brittle Nails and Hair Loss
According to Dr Ghosh, iron deficiency can affect the health of nails and hair. “Nails may become brittle, weak, or spoon-shaped (concave) in severe cases. Additionally, experiencing excessive hair loss, particularly for women, can be indicative of low iron levels and should not be ignored,” he added.
Conclusion
If you experience extreme fatigue and weakness or suddenly feel out of breath, it is important to consider your risk of iron deficiency. Visit a healthcare professional and get yourself examined to rule out any chances of nutritional deficiencies. Depending on your diagnosis, you can receive proper and immediate treatment.