As outlined in the Interim Budget 2024, the government is prioritising vaccination against cervical cancer for girls aged 9-14. This initiative underscores the ongoing efforts to combat cancer, particularly in addressing well-known adversaries like cervical and breast malignancies. However, amidst these crucial strides, it's imperative to also shed light on the lesser-known gynecologic cancers, such as vulvar and vaginal cancer.
Despite their rarity, these conditions demand our attention and understanding to ensure early diagnosis, effective care, and positive outcomes. We spoke to Dr Milind Shetti, Consultant- Radiation Oncologist- HCG NMR Cancer Centre, Hubli, Karnataka, who explained vaginal and vulvar cancer, their signs and treatment.
The Silent Killers
Often overlooked, vulvar and vaginal cancer have a significant impact despite their less prominent status compared to their more prevalent counterparts.
“Vaginal cancer begins in the vaginal lining, whereas vulvar cancer appears in the external genitalia, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal entrance. Due to their mild symptoms, discovery is often delayed, which highlights how important it is to maintain increased awareness and vigilance”, highlighted Dr Shetti.
According to the Gynecologic Cancer Initiative (GCI), vulvar and vaginal cancer account for 3-5% of all gynaecological cancers and are called 'forgotten women's cancers'. While younger women are frequently affected by HPV-related vulvar and vaginal cancer, about 70% of cases involve women over 60.
Also Read: Gynaecological Cancer: Expert Lists Its Types, Therapy, And Treatment
Identifying Warning Signs
It's essential to educate patients about symptoms that require medical attention. Encouraging open communication with patients about these symptoms can facilitate timely interventions.
Signs Of Vulvar Cancer
- Persistent itching
- Pain
- Tenderness
- Bleeding
- Changes in skin colour
- Development of lumps or ulcers in the vulvar area
Signs Of Vaginal Cancer
- Unusual vaginal bleeding
- Pain during intercourse
- Watery vaginal discharge
The earlier, the better
For vulvar and vaginal malignancies, early detection is crucial for maximising prognosis and treatment results. Dr Shetti added, “Abnormalities can be found early on with routine pelvic examinations and screenings. Biopsies and imaging studies provide conclusive diagnoses that help in effective treatment strategies.”
Risk Factors and Preventive Measures
Early detection and prevention of vaginal and vulvar malignancies require an understanding of associated risk factors. Some of them include:
- HPV infection
- Smoking
- Weakened immune systems
- Recurrent cervical cancer
- Chronic skin issues
Encouraging preventive measures, such as HPV vaccination, regular exams, smoking cessation, and healthy lifestyles can reduce disease incidence and improve well-being.
Also Read: Recurrence Of Cancer: Experts Explain Why, How, And What You Should Do?
Educate the People
Educating patients about these less-known gynecologic malignancies is essential for early intervention. “Raising awareness through educational programs, seminars, and community outreach equips individuals with the knowledge to identify warning signs promptly and seek medical help”, said Dr Shetti.
According to GCI, relationship modifications may be necessary as a result of the psychosocial effects of the diagnosis and treatment of vulva and vaginal malignancies on the survivor's quality of life. If anxiety or PTSD is identified, the number of unmet requirements increases fourfold, as stated by over 90% of survivors who reported needing supportive treatment.
Comprehensive Care and Support
Dr Shetti concluded, “Providing holistic care for vulvar and vaginal cancer patients goes beyond medical treatment. Emotional support, psychological counselling, and addressing intimacy concerns are crucial aspects of their journey. It's essential to address not only the physical aspects but also the emotional and social challenges they may face. Through raising awareness, advocating early detection, and providing comprehensive care, we can address these issues head-on and ultimately enhance their quality of life.”
[Disclaimer: The information in this article is shared by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you notice any signs to get the necessary treatment.]