Breastfeeding has several advantages for both the mother and the baby. It is recommended exclusively for the first six months of life and is said to be the best source of nourishment for infants and young children.
However, breastfeeding is not an easy task. During this period, many mothers experience various health challenges, including mastitis, a condition that is characterised by the inflammation of breast tissue, leading to pain, redness, and swelling. Globally, up to 30% of people who breastfeed are affected by this condition, according to StatPearls Publishing.
In a conversation with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Arpana Jain, Director-Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, discusses the condition in detail and shares tips to manage it effectively.
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What Is Mastitis?
Mastitis is inflammation in the breast caused by a bacterial infection. It is frequently observed in breastfeeding women, arising from milk stasis or a buildup of milk within the breast, which leads to clogged milk ducts, says Dr Jain.
According to her, breastfeeding increases susceptibility due to the increased milk production and the potential for duct blockages.
She adds that factors such as irregular feeding patterns, improper latching, maternal or infant health issues, and nipple trauma contribute to its prevalence in breastfeeding women.
In general, there are two types of mastitis: lactational mastitis and non-lactational mastitis.
Lactational mastitis occurs when clogged milk ducts lead to infection, with a high prevalence in the first six weeks of breastfeeding, as per research.
Non-lactating mastitis, also known as periductal mastitis, involves inflammation of the ducts near the nipple, mostly affecting reproductive-aged women.
Symptoms To Note
Dr Jain says, “Mastitis presents with a hard, swollen, and red breast, accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever, chills, and flu-like feelings.”
She added, “Pain and tenderness in the affected breast are also common.”
One may also experience breast itchiness and nipple changes, along with nipple discharge.
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How To Manage The Condition
To manage mastitis, it's crucial to maintain regular breastfeeding to prevent milk stasis, says Dr Jain.
She recommends ensuring a proper latch and breastfeeding technique, using warm compresses to alleviate pain and promote milk flow, taking Over-The-Counter (OTC) pain relievers for discomfort, and following prescribed antibiotics if an infection is present.
Additionally, adequate rest, hydration, and wearing supportive bras can aid in recovery.
It is important to note that mastitis can be prevented. Measures include:
- Maintaining a consistent breastfeeding schedule
- Addressing latch issues promptly
- Avoiding prolonged gaps between feedings
- Prioritising overall breast health
“Moms should be attentive to proper breastfeeding techniques, ensure a comfortable latch, and promptly seek assistance for any breastfeeding challenges or pain," Dr Jain further advises.
It is essential to perform regular self-breast examinations that can contribute to the early detection and prevention of mastitis.